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Modern economic development of Russia determines the reforming of vocational education system and production in accordance with innovative technological equipment. The dual system is the most common form of personnel training which combines theoretical training (in Russia 40%, in Germany 20–25%) in educational institutions and the industrial training (75–80%) at enterprises. 96% of young people who completed dual training got a job at enterprises.

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A strategic study of the socio-economic development of Russia determines significant changes in the vocational education system which is discussed in this chapter. Professional training of workers, employees, specialists is the basis for the reform and modernization of production in accordance with innovative technological equipment. Decisions on how to «tune as much as possible» (V.V. Putin's statement) vocational education to the needs of the economy, to solve the problems of development of individual regions and the country as a whole system of dual education, but also strengthening the country's technological sovereignty, factors of national security and «quality of life of people». In fact, today it is necessary to adjust the model of vocational training in colleges and institutes in line with strengthening its practice-orientation, targeting and mobility. Today, the dual system of professional (German) education has received worldwide recognition, it is the most widespread and recognized form of personnel training, which combines theoretical training (in our country 40%, in Germany 20–25%) in educational institutions and industrial training 75–80% enterprises); 96% of young people who underwent dual training got a job in enterprises, today this is the best indicator in Western Europe.