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Background Avian coccidiosis is thought to be one of the most expensive infectious diseases in the poultry industry. Objectives Safe and alternative anti‐coccidial drugs are herbal extracts because they do not result in tissue residue and drug resistance. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anti‐coccidial effect of the herbal mixture, a complex of two plants (Echinacea purpurea, Glycyrrhiza glabra) in broiler chickens in comparison with toltrazuril. Methods One hundred twenty broiler chickens were used in this experiment and divided into 4 equally numbered groups. All the groups, except Group D, were experimentally infected with mixed Eimeria spp. (E. Tenella, E. maxima, E. necatrix and E. brunetti) on day 14. Group A treated with an herbal mixture [Glycyrrhiza glabra Extract 5% (standardised to 5.4% glycyrrhizic acid) and Echinacea purpurea Extract 2% (standardised to 4% total phenolic content based on chlorogenic acid); Coxinin‐EC®; Shamim Teb Sepid Giti]. Group B treated with toltrazuril. Group C was experimentally infected with mixed Eimeria spp. but they did not have any treatment, this group was our positive control. Performance indices, faecal oocyst excretion, and intestinal lesion score were determined during the experiment. Results Positive control group had the poorest results and more mortality than other groups. Group D was not infected and was healthy all the experiment period. Treatment with herbal complex significantly reduced the negative performance and pathogenic effects associated with Eimeria spp. at a level that was comparable with toltrazuril. Conclusions In summary, the anti‐coccidial activity of the studied herbal complex suggests its use as an alternative anti‐coccidial agent to chemotherapeutic drugs for controlling coccidiosis in poultry. Highlights ‐Coccidiosis is an important infectious disease that causes serious financial loss to the poultry industry. ‐Chemical anti‐coccidial drugs and vaccines are the main control strategies to combat the disease. However, these tools have some constraints. ‐Herbal remedies are suitable alternatives to chemical compounds for control of losses associated with coccidiosis in poultry. ‐An herbal mixture (Echinacea purpurea, Glycyrrhiza glabra) has promising effects for controlling of coccidiosis in broiler chickens.

Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer deaths in women, with approximately 1.2 million new cases per year. Current treatment options for breast cancer include surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy. However, the non-selective cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents often leads to severe side effects, while drug resistance can worsen patient outcomes. Therefore, the development of more effective and less toxic anticancer drugs is a critical need. This study aimed to review the literature on Echinococcus granulosus antigens with anticancer potential against triple-negative breast cancer. Recent studies have suggested that certain parasite antigens may have potential anticancer effects. Specifically, research has shown that echinococcosis, a disease caused by the parasitic cestode Echinococcus granulosus, may have a protective effect against cancer. These findings offer new insights into the potential use of E. granulosus antigens in the development of novel cancer therapies and tumor cell vaccines. The findings of recent studies suggested that E. granulosus antigens may have the potential to be used in effective and less toxic cancer treatments. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms behind the anticancer effects of these antigens and develop new cancer therapies and vaccines

Due to the limited success of therapeutic strategies in treating tumors, a new practical potent approach is needed. This review aimed to investigate previous literature related to tumors and Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis). In recent years, there has been growing interest in utilizing biological, viral, bacterial, yeast, and parasitic agents to cure cancers. According to several studies, some parasites could interferee with the tumors’ growth. There has been much discussion about some parasites’ applications to cure tumors in animals and humans. In studies, T. spiralis was found to have antitumor properties. The active proteins in T. spiralis, such as Caveolin-1, Heat shock proteins, and Ribosomal proteins, are thought to inhibit the growth of cancers, such as melanoma, myeloma, sarcoma, leukemia, stomach cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer. In addition, these proteins are thought to induce apoptosis in specific neoplastic cells. Accordingly, antigens derived from parasites may be helpful in cancer immunotherapy. However, there are still many unanswered questions regarding Trichinella spiralis’ potential use as a biotherapy agent against cancer. Future studies should focus on the purification of parasite antigens and their use for wider-scale trials in animal models.

Avian coccidiosis is considered among the infectious disease of high costs in the poultry industry. Herbal extracts are safe and reliable substitute anticoccidial drugs for chemical feed additives as they don’t sequel to drug resistance and tissue remnants. The purpose of the current study was to assess the anticoccidial effect of an herbal complex of 3 plants (Artemisia Annua, Quercus infectoria, and Allium Sativum) in broiler chickens in comparison with toltrazuril anticoccidial. One hundred twenty broiler chickens were used in this experiment and divided into 4 equally numbered groups. All the groups, except group (D), were experimentally infected whit mixed Eimeria spp. (E. Tenella, E. maxima, E. necatrix and E. brunetti) on day 14. Group (A), was treated whit an herbal mixture. Group (B), was treated whit Toltrazuril. Group (C), was experimentally infected with mixed Eimeria spp. But they didn’t have any treatment, this group was our positive control, as expected, this group had the poorest results and more mortality than other groups. Group (D), wasn't infected and was healthy all the experiment period, this was our negative control. Performance indices, fecal oocyst excretion, and intestinal lesion score were determined during the experiment. Treatment with an herbal complex significantly reduced the negative performance and pathogenic effects associated with Eimeria spp. at a level that was comparable with toltrazuril. In summary, the anticoccidial activity of the mentioned herbal complex recommends its use as an alternative anticoccidial agent to chemotherapeutic drugs for controlling coccidiosis.