The reverse correlation (RC) method has been widely used, because it allows visualization of mental representations without a priori assumptions about relevant dimensions. We employed the RC method to visualize mental representations of self and examined their relationships with traits related to self-image. For this purpose, 110 participants (70 women) performed a two-image forced choice RC task to generate a classification image of self (self-CI). Participants perceived their self-CIs as bearing a stronger resemblance to themselves than did CIs of others (filler-CIs). Valence ratings of participants who performed the RC task (RC sample) and of 30 independent raters both showed positive correlations with self-esteem, explicit self-evaluation, and extraversion. Moreover, valence ratings of independent raters were negatively correlated with social anxiety symptoms. On the other hand, valence ratings of the RC sample and independent raters were not correlated with depression symptoms, trait anxiety, or social desirability. The results imply that mental representations of self can be properly visualized by using the RC method.

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This study attempted to explore how pragmatic and hedonic values are influenced by the level of technology and what particular functions have to be considered in the context of smart technology- driven design in terms of Pragmatic Value (PV) and Hedonic Value (HV). An on-line questionnaire survey was developed to answer the research questions. A total of 104 respondents participated in the survey. As target product for the study, analog watch and smart watch were selected as representative of low and high technology respectively. Semantic Differentials on PV and HV were used and expected functions were investigated via an open question. The results indicate that there are some differences between analog and smart watches in terms of PV and HV. Regarding expected functions, significant differences were identified in the study. The findings from the study could provide a better understanding of the relationship between PV and HV in terms of level of technology. If it is considered in product development process, it may contribute to an increase of user satisfaction with smart- technology based product and service.