RESUMOA urolitíase obstrutiva em pequenos ruminantes é uma doença metabólica de etiologia multifatorial com distribuição mundial. A elevação da concentração urinária de solutos, minerais ionizados (cristaloides) que formam cristais insolúveis é citada por alguns autores como o fator mais importante. Assim, o conhecimento do perfil mineral dos animais submetidos a dietas calculogênicas e a composição química dos urólitos tornam-se ferramentas eficazes na prevenção da doença. Neste estudo, foram utilizados 14 ovinos hígidos, machos (não castrados), da raça Santa Inês, com idade aproximada de 90 dias, distribuídos em dois grupos (G1 -sem vitamina C e G2 -com vitamina C) e alimentados com dieta calculogênica. A análise dos perfis minerais, séricos e urinários revelou completo desbalanceamento na relação entre concentrações de cálcio, fósforo e magnésio, havendo elevação expressiva do fósforo e do magnésio e diminuição substancial do cálcio. Com isso, a análise bioquímica dos urólitos demonstrou que o cálcio esteve presente em 50% das amostras analisadas.Palavras-chave: doença de ovinos, mineral, trato urinário, urolitíase (Guimarães et al., 2007;Riet-Correa et al., 2008;Vinodhkumar et al., 2010). Em regiões áridas, onde o consumo de água é fator limitante, a incidência é maior. Embora apresente caráter esporádico, pode http://dx ABSTRACT Urolithiasis in small ruminants is a metabolic disease of multifactorial etiology with worldwide distribution. Increased urinary concentration of solutes, ionized minerals (crystalloid) that form insoluble crystals is cited by some authors as the most important factor. Thus, knowledge of mineral profile of the animals fed calculogenic diets and chemical composition of uroliths becomes an effective tool in preventing the disease. In this study, we used 14 healthy, male, non-neutered sheep, of the Santa Ines breed, aged approximately 90 days, divided into two groups (G1-without vitamin C and G2-with vitamin C) fed calculogenic diet. Analysis of mineral profiles in serum and urine revealed complete imbalance in

The non‐profit sector is increasingly important, both in terms of the services rendered to society and level of employment provided. As part of a move towards the professionalization of the sector, training is seen as a vital tool for capacity building. Although the training practices of non‐profits are fairly well documented in countries like Australia, the UK and the USA, this is not so in Portugal. We provide an overview of the training practices of Portuguese non‐profit organizations, and identify indicators of professionalization that influence training investment. We find wide variation among organizations in this sector, both in terms of training provision and expenditure, and in the management practices implemented. We also find that the presence of a professional manager and formalized policies, especially those related to performance, are significantly associated with higher levels of training, suggesting that professionalization has beneficial effects on training in the non‐profit sector.

The diversity of neoplasms observed in dogs can vary geographically depending on individual susceptibility, the habitat of the animals, and environmental characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological aspects of neoplasms in dogs treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the State University of Maranhão from 2008 to 2015. We studied the medical records of 1089 dogs affected by neoplasms and treated at a hospital during the period of study, relating to the casuistry with their breed, age, sex and origin. The present study included 764 cases that were confirmed through cytopathology. The most prevalent tumors were transmissible venereal tumors (TVT) (20.17%), adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland (19.53%), mixed malignant tumor of the mammary gland (18.63%), mast cell tumor (11.31%), and mammary carcinoma (6.42%). Females with a mean age of 9.2 years were the most affected, as were SRDs, Poodles, American Pitbulls, and Dobermann Pinschers. According to the cytomorphogenetic classification, the round cell tumors were the most prevalent, with values close to those of epithelial, followed by mixed and mesenchymal cells.

Proposal techniques that reduce financial costs in the diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases are welcome. This work uses some machine learning techniques to classify whether or not cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis are present by physical examinations. For validation of the method, four machine learning models were chosen: K-nearest neighbor, Naïve Bayes, support vector machine and logistic regression models. The tests were performed on three hundred and forty dogs, using eighteen characteristics of the animal and the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) serological test as validation. Logistic regression achieved the best metrics: Accuracy of 75%, sensitivity of 84%, specificity of 67%, a positive likelihood ratio of 2.53 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.23, showing a positive relationship in the evaluation between the true positives and rejecting the cases of false negatives.

Objetivou-se com este artigo revisar a influência que o ambiente exerce na criação de codornas de corte. O bem estar animal tem ocupado lugar de destaque nos criatórios uma vez que situações de estresse levam a um estado fisiológico que é caracterizado como indesejável. A temperatura e o microclima no sistema de criação podem ser considerados como fatores físicos de maior efeito sobre o crescimento das codornas, influenciando diretamente sobre o aproveitamento do alimento. Animais estressados termicamente não conseguem aproveitar de forma eficiente os nutrientes oferecidos pela alimentação, diminuindo o consumo de ração. Para avaliar o ambiente térmico em que os animais estão expostos, utiliza-se o Índice de Temperatura de Globo Negro e Umidade. Oscilações nos índices de temperatura e umidade, provocadas pelas condições ambientais, refletem na alteração da temperatura superficial média modificando a resposta fisiológica do animal. A temperatura cloacal das aves também pode ser uma medida interpretada para identificar condições de conforto ou estresse térmico, representando a temperatura do núcleo corporal. Durante o estresse por calor, ocorrem reajustes fisiológicos, hormonais e moleculares, causando modificações na função e na estrutura das células.Palavras-Chave: Coturnicultura, conforto térmico, desempenho, produção. Environmental effect on the creation of quails: Review:ABSTRACT. The objective of this article to review the influence that environment plays in creating quail. The animal welfare has occupied a prominent place in farms since stress situations lead to a physiological state that is characterized as undesirable. The temperature and microclimate in the authoring system can be considered as physical factors having the greatest effect on the growth of quails, influencing directly on the feed use. Thermally stressed animals cannot efficiently take advantage of the nutrients provided by the diet, decreasing feed intake. To evaluate the thermal environment in which the animals are exposed, we use the Temperature Index Black Globe Humidity. Indexes vary in temperature and humidity caused by environmental conditions, reflect the change in the average surface temperature by modifying the physiological response of the animal. The vent temperature of the bird can also be an interpreted to identify conditions of comfort or thermal stress measurement representing the temperature of the body core. During heat stress, physiological, hormonal and molecular adjustments occur, causing modifications in function and structure of cells.