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Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) and karyotype in the black lancer, Bagrichthys majusculus from Nakhon Phranom and Sing Buri provinces, Thailand, were investigated. The mitotic chromosome preparations were directly obtained from kidney tissues of eight male and eight female specimens. Conventional and Ag-NOR staining techniques were applied to the chromosomes. The chromosomes number of B. majusculus was 2n=50 and the fundamental number (NF) of all specimens was 96. The karyotype consists of six large metacentric, six large submetacentric, two large acrocentric, eight medium metacentric, 12 medium submetacentric, two medium acrocentric, six small metacentric, four small submetacentric and four small telocentric chromosomes. Sex chromosome was not observed. Moreover, the interstitial NORs were clearly observed at the long arm of the metacentric chromosome pair 1. The result revealed that a heteromorphic NOR type was appeared in one male and one female fish and other fish have homozygous NOR in the pair 1 chromosomes.

Standardized karyotype and idiogram of Indian hog deer (Hyelaphus porcinus) at Khon Kaen Zoo, Thailand was explored. Blood samples were taken from two male and two female deer. After standard whole blood T-lymphocytes were cultured at 37 C for 72 h in presence of colchicine, metaphase spreads were performed on microscopic slides and air-dried. Conventional staining, GTG-, high-resolution and Ag-NOR banding techniques were applied to stain the chromosome. The results show that the diploid chromosome number of H. porcinus was 2n=68, the fundamental number (NF) was 70 in both males and females. The types of autosomes observed were 6 large telocentric, 18 medium telocentric and 42 small telocentric chromosomes. The X chromosome was large metacentric chromosome and Y chromosome was small submetacentric chromosome. The GTGbanding and high-resolution techniques showed that the numbers of bands and locations in H. porcinus are 239 and 301, respectively, and each chromosome pair could be clearly differentiated. In addition, the subtelomeric q-arm of chromosome pairs 1 and 2 showed clearly observable nucleolar organizer regions (NORs). Our results are the first reports of GTG-, high-resolution and Ag-NOR banding techniques on this species. The karyotype formula of H. porcinus is as follows:

Summary Karyological analysis in the Sumatra serow (Capricornis sumatraensis) from Thailand were conducted. Blood samples were taken from two male and two female serows. After standard whole blood lymphocytes had been cultured at 37 C for 72 h in the presence of colchicine, metaphase spreads were performed on microscopic slides and air-dried. Conventional, GTG-, high-resolution, Ag-NOR banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were applied to stain the chromosomes. The results showed that the diploid chromosome number of C. sumatraensis was 2n=48 and the fundamental number (NF) for both sexes were 60. The types of autosomes were 2 large metacentric, 4 large submetacentric, 2 large acrocentric, 2 medium telocentric, 4 small submetacentric and 32 small telocentric chromosomes. The X chromosome was a medium telocentric chromosome and the Y chromosome was a smallest telocentric chromosome. From the GTG-banding and high-resolution techniques, the numbers of bands in the C. sumatraensis were 147 and 207, respectively, and each chromosome pair could be clearly differentiated. In addition, the long arm near telomere (subtelomeric region) of chromosome pairs 2, 3 and 4 showed clearly observable heteromorphic nucleolar organization regions (NORs) (2a2b, 3a3b, 4a4b). This is the first report on natural polymorphism of NORs. The microsatellites d(AC) 15 accumulated at the telomeres of several pairs and interstitial sites of some chromosomes. The microsatellites d(CGG) 10 highly accumulated at the correspondence sites of NORs. FISH with the telomeric probe revealed hybridization signals on each telomere of all chromosomes and interstitial telomeric sites were not detected. The karyotype formula could be deduced as:

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