Background: Endophytes are symbiotic microorganisms that reside in their hosts. Phytochemicals of endophytes have generated significant interest in drug discovery due to their potentials towards the elucidation of new biologically active molecules. Objectives: The study was aimed to evaluate the antimalarial potentials and toxicity profile of endophytic extracts of A. indica leaves. Method: Endophytic extract was isolated from Azadirachta indica leaves using standard extraction protocols. The extract was screened for its potential antimalarial activities using Peter's curative test method, acute (LD50) and chronic toxicity. The chronic toxicity was assessed by evaluating the effect of extracts on the following parameters: AST, ALP, ALT, BUN, creatinine levels, PCV, HB, and RBC. The endophytic extract was subjected to prophylactic antimalarial assay using Peter's prophylactic test method, and ED50 was determined. Results: The endophytic extract screened for antimalarial activity showed significant activity (p<0.05). At 150 mg/kg/day, the extract displayed a dose-dependent parasitemia clearance of Plasmodium berghei by 89% and suppressed parasitemia with ED50 of 333.33 mg/kg. The LD50 was >5000 mg/ kg and showed no evidence of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and haematotoxicity. Conclusion: Endophytic extract of A. indica have potent antimalarial activity with no hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and haematotoxicity.

Justicia secunda is used locally for wound healing, anemia, abdominal pain, etc. Endophytes are reported to produce bioactive metabolites. The study aimed to perform pharmacognostic analysis and evaluate the effect of endophytic extract of J. secunda on human sickle haemoglobin and polymerization inhibition. Plant samples were collected and dried under shade, pulverized. Chemomicroscopy was conducted. After surface sterilization, samples were air dried, cut into sizes and aseptically cultivated on sterile malt extract agar plates, incubated at 25-28 ºC for 4-7 days. Pure endophytic fungi were fermented on rice medium. With ethical approval, blood samples were collected from the sickle cell individuals. HbSS polymerization was assessed by the turbidity of the mixture at 700 nm. There was significant percentage antisickling of 63.22% at 5 mg/mL, 53.90% at 2.5 mg/mL and 50.44% at 1.25 mg/mL of the endophytic extracts. The endophytic extract (LB2) reduced sickled cells compared to the control. The polymerization was reduced from 1.880-1.839 by the 5% w/v extract, 1.587 to 1.534 by 2.5%w/v extract etc., in more than 30 min. The endophyte extract of J. secunda may be used in managing anaemia in patients with sickle cell disease.