Coumarin 2H-1-benzopyran-2-one core has been a field of attention due to its exclusive propensity to accept variable classes of replacements which proves it as the origin for multi-disciplinary activities. Many researchers replicates that coumarin derivatives synthesized by structural modifications & alterations that exhibits diverse pharmacological activities like Anticancer, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition, Anti-bacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral, Anticoagulant, Anti Alzheimer activity, Anticonvulsant Activity, Anti-inflammatory etc.The motive of this study is to review, various substituted coumarin derivatives and provide the opportunity of designing & synthesizing novel coumarin based drugs and exploring their possible derivatives in the cure of numerous disorders. This review summerizes the recent development in synthesis of Coumarin based derivatives with various biological activities.