BACKGROUND The peculiar waddling gait of a female attracts most of the anatomists to measure and compare the neck-shaft angle (NSA) of the femora. The femoral neck shaft angle is greater in women due to greater pelvic breadth and shorter femur. Neck-shaft angle was measured by the angle that the neck makes with the shaft of the femur and it is measured on the ventral surface of femur taking the long axis of femoral neck with the long axis of the proximal end of the femur. It gives information about the race it belongs to and normally measures 120° to 140°. The intention of this study was to establish the femoral neck shaft angle variations in adult male and female for medico-legal and anthropometric studies. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 84 adult human femora of unknown sex in the anatomy department, Sriram Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, from May 2018 to April 2019. We included all the femora which were free of damage or deformity and fully ossified indicating adult bone. Femora with any pathological changes i.e., cortical bone deterioration, extreme osteophyte activity, osteoarthritis and fracture etc. were excluded from the study. The NSA was measured by protractor and goniometer. RESULTS In the present study the NSA range for the right femur of male was 108° - 135° and for the right femur of females 117° - 135°. The left male femur was 118° - 135° and the left female femur was 120° - 135°. The mean neck shaft angle of male femora was 125.9° and the female femora was 125.7°. These measurements show that the values were more in males than the females. The value of the present study was statistically significant between male and female i.e., P < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS These measurements are important in the medico-legal cases, reconstructive orthopaedic surgeries, hip replacement surgeries and also while constructing suitable prosthesis. This will also be helpful in the detection of sex by anatomists and forensic experts. KEY WORDS Neck Shaft Angle, Medico-Legal, Anthropometry and Goniometer

BACKGROUND Femur is the longest and strongest bone of the human body. It also takes relatively longer time to disintegrate after death, hence morphometric analysis of skeletal remains of femoral head can be considered for the determination of age and sex for forensic expert, anthropologist as well as anatomist. The present study was an attempt to establish sex of a skeleton by the help of femoral head diameters which will be of great help in medico-legal and anthropometric studies. METHODS The present study was carried out in the S C B Medical College Cuttack from May 2019 to June 2020 by taking 84 dried and intact femora. The vertical head diameter of femoral head and head circumference were measured by the vernier’ s caliper and measuring tape in centimeters. RESULTS The result showed significant difference in the head circumference and the vertical diameter of head of femur of the male and female femora. It was found that the mean femoral head circumference of the male was 13.296 cm with a “S.D” of 0.8694 cm and female was 12.023 cm with a “S.D” of 0.73 cm and vertical diameter of male was 4.1520 cm with a “SD” of 0.3635 cm and that of female femora was 3.7231 cm with a “S.D” of 0.2264 cm respectively. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant difference in the head circumference and the vertical diameter of head of femur of the male and female femora which determines sexual dimorphism. KEY WORDS Anthropometry, Medico-Legal, and Standard Deviation (SD)

The present Covid-19 pandemic caused by corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) is an unpredictable public health burden in India and abroad. Worldwide emergency steps are taken to counter the current situation. Odisha state (Eastern India) is now passing through a crucial period with a huge number of corona positive cases with high degree of mortality and morbidity. The aim of the present study is to correlate the demographic, clinical and radiological profiles of Covid-19 patients. The present study was carried out in the Covid-19 Hospital of S C B medical college Cuttack. This was a record based cross sectional study of 196 patients from 01/05/2021 to 01/06/2021. Plain X Rays were taken in all the patients to evaluate the incidence of disease. Total number of 196 Covid-19 cases was included in this study with male female ratio being 2.16:1. Maximum male patients were seen amounting (68%) and females (32%) respectively. Severity was mild to moderate in 80 % of cases. The diagnostic features of novel SARS-CoV-2 infection were observed in 32 % cases in x ray images of thorax. The co-morbid conditions for mortality were diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The chest X rays of corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients are showing typical ground glass opacity (GGO), mixed GGO with consolidation bilaterally in the peripheral part of middle and lower lobe of lungs. The clinical co-morbid condition observed to be associated with high mortality in SARS-CoV-2 cases were diabetes and hypertension.