The core collection is a small subset that minimizes genetic redundancy while preserving the maximum genetic diversity of the entire population. Research on the core collection is crucial for the efficient management and utilization of germplasm resources. In this paper, the concept of the core collection and the research progress of its construction have briefly been summarized. Subsequently, some perspectives have been proposed in this research field for the near future. Four novel opinions have been presented, (1) the effective integration of multiple data types and accurate phenotyping methods need to be focused on; (2) the sampling strategy and bioinformatics software should be given attention; (3) the core collection of afforestation tree and bamboo species, with a wide natural distribution range and a large planting area, need to be carried out as soon as possible; (4) we should place a high priority on the study of genes discoveries and utilize these with a rapid, precise and high-throughput pattern based on re-sequencing technology. This paper provides a theoretical and technological reference for further study and the application of the plant core collection.