Parabens are a family of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Environmental estrogens may play a vital role in the development of lung cancer. To date, the association between parabens and lung cancer is unknown. Based on the 189 cases and 198 controls recruited between 2018 and 2021 in Quzhou, China, we measured 5 urinary parabens concentrations and examine the association between urinary concentrations of parabens and lung cancer risk. Cases showed signi cantly higher median concentrations of methyl-paraben (MeP) (2.1 vs 1.8 ng/mL), ethyl-paraben (0.98 vs 0.66 ng/mL), propylparaben (PrP) (2.2 vs 1.4 ng/mL), and butyl-paraben (0.33 vs 0.16 ng/mL) than controls. The signi cant association between urinary concentrations of PrP and the risk of lung cancer (odds ratio (OR) adjusted = 2.22, 95% con dence interval (CI): 1.76, 2.75; P trend < 0.001) was identi ed in the adjusted model. In the strati ed analysis, we found that urinary concentrations of MeP were signi cantly associated with lung cancer risk (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.27 for the highest quartile group). Besides, comparing the second, third, and fourth quartile groups with the lowest group of PrP, the adjusted OR was 1.52 (95% CI: 1.29, 1.65, P trend = 0.007), 1.39 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.60, P trend = 0.010), and 1.85 (95% CI: 1.53, 2.30, P trend = 0.001), respectively. Parabens exposure, re ected in urinary concentrations of parabens, may be positively associated with the risk of lung cancer in adults.

Parabens are a family of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Environmental estrogens may play a vital role in the development of lung cancer. To date, the association between parabens and lung cancer is unknown. Based on the 189 cases and 198 controls recruited between 2018 and 2021 in Quzhou, China, we measured 5 urinary parabens concentrations and examine the association between urinary concentrations of parabens and lung cancer risk. Cases showed significantly higher median concentrations of methyl-paraben (MeP) (2.1 vs 1.8 ng/mL), ethyl-paraben (0.98 vs 0.66 ng/mL), propyl-paraben (PrP) (2.2 vs 1.4 ng/mL), and butyl-paraben (0.33 vs 0.16 ng/mL) than controls. The significant association between urinary concentrations of PrP and the risk of lung cancer (odds ratio (OR)adjusted = 2.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.76, 2.75; Ptrend < 0.001) was identified in the adjusted model. In the stratified analysis, we found that urinary concentrations of MeP were significantly associated with lung cancer risk (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.27 for the highest quartile group). Besides, comparing the second, third, and fourth quartile groups with the lowest group of PrP, the adjusted OR was 1.52 (95% CI: 1.29, 1.65, Ptrend = 0.007), 1.39 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.60, Ptrend = 0.010), and 1.85 (95% CI: 1.53, 2.30, Ptrend = 0.001), respectively. Parabens exposure, reflected in urinary concentrations of parabens, may be positively associated with the risk of lung cancer in adults.