No abstract

The application of fermentation is one of methods to increase food quality biologically. Availability of Jatropha curcas residual from oil factory be focused as a soybean meal or fish meal replacement. On the other hand, J. curcas residuals possess a toxic compound as well. This study aimed to examine the effect of Aspergillus niger on the nutrition and harmful content of J. curcas as a potential ingredient of feed. In brief, J. curcas residual was fermented with a detoxification method at 3 d, 5 d, and 7 d. Crude protein, fat, and crude fiber content were assessed to discover the biological responses of J. curcas post–fermentation while phorbol ester was evaluated to toxic content post–detoxification. The results showed that crude protein and fat content were highest on 7 d post–fermentation but it was no significant difference (p > 0.05). While crude fiber content showed significant difference which the 3 d fermentation had the highest content of fiber. For phorbol ester content, 3 d fermentation showed a better result than the control group (p < 0.05). The present findings suggest that A. niger is recommendable as starter to reduce fiber and toxic content of J. curcas residual at 3 d fermentation.

Snakehead fish (Channa striata) is a popular freshwater commodity with high market demand in Indonesia, especially in Central Kalimantan. Kapuas Regency, there is a group of farmers who utilize the productivity of peatland to be used as a medium of cultivation of snakehead fish through a biological approach. This research aims to analyze the efforts of members of the fish cultivation group Bahtera Handal Dadahup (BHD), Kapuas Regency based on business analyze to determine the net profit value (π), R/C ratio, Payback Period (PP), and Break Even Point (BEP). BHD group obtained a value ranging from Rp 11 935 000 to Rp 46 022 500; R/C > 1, i.e. ranging from 2.96 to 4.29. Payback Period or return period of capital (investment) lasts for 5 to 10 months; and break even point (BEP) values range from Rp 9 318.3 kg-1 to Rp 13 477.7 kg-1. Based on the calculation of the analysis of the business, the business of fish cultivation group Bahtera Handal Dadahup, deserves to be run and developed.

The application of herbal medicine is one of the ancientest worldwide approaches to treating diseases. This study aimed to examine the effect of Scutellaria radix on the immune responses of Macrobrachium rosenbergii by reverse-gavage feeding and their resistance against Lactococcus garvieae. In brief, M. rosenbergii was administered with S. radix water extract at 1, 5, and 10 µg/µl using reverse-gavage feeding (RGF). Total hemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory bursts (RBs) activity, transglutaminase (TG) activity, and lysozyme activity of hemocytes were evaluated to discover the immunological responses of prawn post-RGF. The results showed that the concentration of S. radix extract at 5 µg µl–1 increased the immune responses of M. rosenbergii compared with the control group. In the case of the gene, expressions were observed from the hepatopancreas and midgut, in which proxinectin showed no significant difference, LGBP and proPO were expressed by all concentrations in a time-dependent manner. The present findings suggest that S. radix water extract at 5 µg µl–1 may enhance the immune responses and gene expressions in M. rosenbergii using RGF.