Vedolizumab was introduced in 2014 as a therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Although recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence were based on a maintenance dose of 300 mg administered intravenously every 8 weeks, the Summary of Product Characteristics includes an option of increasing the frequency of dosing for patients who initially respond but later experience a decrease in response. In this literature review of the evidence for a shorter duration between doses we identified seven studies which report that dose interval shortening recaptures response in around 50% of cases with remission rates of 11% to 34% between 4 and 52 weeks. A sustained response was seen in the majority of patients for up to 1 year, however, patients continued to receive escalated dosing for up to 100 weeks, which does not reflect clinical practice where short-term escalation is usually prescribed. There is a lack of randomised controlled trials and a lack of trials reporting endoscopic remission, which is the goal of care in IBD. The use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to guide dose escalation is uncertain and further studies are required to help clarify the role of TDM.

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