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The domain thicknesses and the heterogeneity of the chain dynamics of PS‐b‐PMMA diblock copolymers with different molar masses was studied by 1H and 13C solid‐state NMR. The chain dynamics heterogeneity of different components and inside the interfacial region was investigated by different NMR methods, including 1H residual second van Vleck moments of PS and high‐resolution 13C longitudinal magnetization relaxation. The effect of changes in the morphology on chain dynamics heterogeneity is demonstrated. The interplay between microscopic and mesoscopic properties of diblock copolymer is helpful for a better assessment of their role in the mechanical properties of these systems.magnified image

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(9-Ethyl-carbazol-6-yl) methyl methacrylate/methyl acrylate (E/A) copolymers of different compositions were prepared by solution polymerization by varying the molar infeed ratio, using AIBN as initiator at 608C. The reactivity ratios calculated by Kelen-Tudos (KT) method were found to be r E ¼ 1.16 6 0.02 and r A ¼ 0.69 6 0.01 whereas those calculated from RREVM method were found to be r E ¼ 1.18 and r A ¼ 0.68. The molecular weights (M w ) and polydispersity index (PDI, M w /M n ) were determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Glass transition temperatures (T g ) for different compositions of E/A copolymers were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Copolymer molar outfeed ratio (F E ) was calculated from 1 H NMR spectra. The a-methyl, methine, backbone methylene, and quaternary carbon resonance signals of the copolymers were distinguished using 13 C{ 1 H}, DEPT-45, -90, and -135 NMR techniques. The a-methyl and b-methylene showed compositional and configurational sensitivity up to pentad and tetrad level, respectively, whereas methine showed only compositional sensitivity up to pentad level. H}, DEPT) and 2D (HSQC, TOCSY) NMR data. The spectral assignments for carbonyl region were done by studying higher bond order couplings by heteronuclear multibond correlation (HMBC) spectra.

The high prices of biotherapeutics remain an area of concern for various national and international agencies working toward developing strategies for monitoring, evaluating, and managing the prices of medicines to promote equitable access. This paper deploys a unique study design to identify emerging themes and determine the elements influencing the price of biotherapeutics specifically biosimilars. This review is based on a bibliometric and qualitative synthesis approach to generate a new line of thinking for future studies. The findings enable knowledge assimilation for policy decisions. The results indicate that while the factors like market share, market competition, and pricing policies are extensively explored by researchers, the factors such as innovation capability, product development costs, and local factors like regulatory ecosystem can be further examined as potential influencers of prices. Further, pricing frameworks and regulations designed for generic drugs cannot be replicated to estimate the prices of biotherapeutics. As a result, policymakers must take the necessary actions to construct innovative pricing frameworks for this class of products that are in conformity with national policies, regulations, market dynamics, and economics. Moreover, studies on incentives and profit margins associated with the last‐mile delivery and accessibility of high‐cost biotherapeutics are essential for their efficient adoption.