BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is closely related to all aspects of cancer. Cosmos caudatus ethanolic extract (CCEE) has been proved to have antioxidant effect that inhibited cancer cell growth due to its bioactive compounds such as catechin, quercetin and chlorogenic acid. This study aimed to evaluate antioxidant and anticancer activity of CCEE and its compounds.METHODS: Total phenol was measured according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Catechin, quercetin and chlorogenic acid contained in CCEE were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)-reducing activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity test. The cytotoxic activity of CCEE was determined by MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assay on HeLa cells.RESULTS: The result showed that total phenol of CCEE was 181.64±0.93 µg Cathecin/mg extract. ABTSreducing activity test showed that catechin had the highest activity (2.90±0.04 µg/mL), while CCEE had moderate activity compared to other compounds. FRAP activity test demonstrated that catechin had the highest activity (315.83 µM Fe(II)/µg) compared to other compounds. DPPH scavenging activity of CCEE was 22.82±0.05 µg/mL. Cytotoxicity test on HeLa cell showed that CCEE had lower activity (inhibitory concentration (IC)50= 89.90±1.30 µg/mL) compared to quercetin (IC50 = 13.30±0.64 µg/ mL).CONCLUSION: CCEE has the lowest antioxidant activity compared to quercetin, catechin, and chlorogenic acid and has the lowest anticancer activity compared to quercetin. However, CCEE and its compounds has potential as antioxidant and anticancer properties.KEYWORDS: antioxidant, anticancer, catechin, Cosmos caudatus, quercetin

Summary A group of 28 uraemic patients on dialysis treatment were given daily supplements of histidine by mouth. Plasma amino-acid concentration, plasma iron, serum transferrin, packed cell volume, and reticulocyte count were all measured before and after two months of histidine supplementation. The treatment raised the plasma histidine concentration and at the same time there was a rise in transferrin and iron levels and packed cell volume. Reticulocyte counts fell after two months of histidine supplementation.

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Pemakaian setengah volume reagen dan sampel pada pemeriksaan glukosa darah metode GOD-PAP diketahui tidak memiliki perbedaan terhadap nilai simpangan baku dan koefisien korelasi dibandingkan dengan metode standarnya. Metode GOD-PAP setengah volume reagen dan sampel ini lebih efisien dalam segi ekonomi namun belum tervalidasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja metode GOD-PAP setengah volume reagen dan sampel terhadap pemeriksaan glukosa darah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik dengan melakukan pengumpulan dan analisis data dari hasil pengujian terhadap delapan parameter validasi yaitu presisi, akurasi, linearitas, reportable range, LoD, LoQ, recovery, dan interferen. Sampel yang digunakan berupa serum kontrol komersial normal (Level 1) dan patologis (Level 2). Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan uji statistik deskriptif menggunakan Microsoft Excel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai presisi berupa CV Level 1= 1,66%, Level 2= 1,37% (CV<0,33 TEa); akurasi berupa TE Level 1= 3,84%, Level 2= 3,76% (TE0,990); reportable range dengan rentang nilai ≥ rentang nilai normal parameter; LoD = 7,51 mg/dL; LoQ = 20,54 mg/dL (lebih kecil dari batas nilai normal terendah); %Recovery = 99% (berada dalam rentang 95-105%); dan uji interferen menunjukkan hemoglobin mulai mengganggu pemeriksaan dengan %selisih>TEa pada konsentrasi 600 mg/dL. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa semua parameter uji validasi memenuhi kriteria penerimaan sehingga metode GOD-PAP dengan pemakaian setengah volume reagen dan sampel diterima kinerjanya sebagai prosedur tervalidasi pada pemeriksaan glukosa darah.

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