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As the semi-conductor technology advances, the evaluation of soft error hardness for modern electrical and electronic devices becomes more generalized. Related studies have mainly focused on the soft error rate analysis of both combinational and sequential logic circuits, which includes techniques for dynamic simulation, and pathbased statistical estimation. In particular, non-dynamic approaches make the entire framework simple and compact. However, when the design under test has a large number of propagation paths, there is still a problem of increasing time complexity. This paper introduces an approximated soft error analysis technique, which constructs lookup tables with which to estimate transient pulses at the primary outputs. The whole process can be finished in polynomial time complexity. We employ node conditional probability to calculate the logical propagation probabilities without using static probability. The experimental results show that compared to the full-path analysis, the approximated technique can speed up the analysis time by 300% while the corresponding error rates for the evaluation results that are obtained are within 16% difference.

Purpose: To understand awareness, attitude and knowledge levels of muscle health of adults over 18 years old. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study using questionnaires. A total of 401 questionnaires were included for final analysis. Mean and standard deviation of the continuous variables were analyzed and frequency analysis of categorical variables was performed. To identify differences according to general characteristics, t-test was used. Results: Awareness scores about the importance of muscle health and exercises were 8.3 and 13.0, respectively. Attitude score and knowledge score were 12.4 and 15.0, respectively. There were differences in attitude toward muscle health according to gender, age, physical activity, and diet habits. However, there was no difference in attitude toward muscle health according to educational level, smoking, drinking, or sleeping. Conclusion: It is necessary to seek a strategy to improve awareness and attitude toward muscle health based on knowledge, not merely to raise knowledge level about muscle health. Since nurses play a central role in health promotion and disease prevention, they should also play an important role in strategic development and application of intervention. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

As the density of transistors is increased, the processor suffers from not only high power consumption but also high temperature. We presented the system level thermal behavior analysis model (STAM) which uses minimum physical characteristics and activities for components of the processor to obtain thermal behaviors. STAM employs the state-machinebased model for a thermal transient response. The results show that STAM is more than three orders of magnitude faster than the existing temperature estimation tool, with about a 6% average error to find hotspots.