Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are devices that allow the release of aerosols by heating a mixture solution which might contain nicotine or other substances at temperatures between 65 and 120°C in order to be inhaled. Over the past few years, e-cigarettes have been promoted by manufacturers as smoking cessation products, but evidence about their safety and efficacy for smoking cessation remains limited, while there are several concerns that they may increase the risk of non-smokers to develop nicotine dependence and of current smokers to maintain their dependence. The aim of this study is to evaluate the status of the research concerning prevalence of e-cigarettes and factors associated with the use of ecigarettes among European adolescents. The information is based on data available in specific literature such as articles published in journals or international reports. Data from different European countries showed that e-cigarettes are popular products among adolescents. For instance, a study performed in 2013 among Romanian high school students showed that almost 30% of them have experimented with ecigarettes at least once during lifetime. There are several variations concerning prevalence and factors that influence the use of e-cigarettes between countries as well as within the same country based on sociodemographics characteristics of the groups involved in the study, the year when the survey was performed, or the methodology and instruments for data collection. The results underline the need for future research in this field, as well as for educational and policy measures to face this new public health challenge.