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This study systematically reviewed the evidence and quantified the effectiveness of arm exercise training programs, before and after arteriovenous fistula (AVF) operation on AVF maturation, among people with chronic kidney disease. Scopus, CINAHL, PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and reference lists were searched. Experimental studies that investigated the effect of arm exercise before and post-operation on AVF maturations were included. Screened and extracted data were administered by two independent reviewers. Seven studies with preoperative exercise were included in a systematic review, while five studies were analyzed in a meta-analysis. Preoperative exercise significantly increased vessel diameters and grip strength after training. Postoperative exercise had higher clinical and ultrasonographic (US) maturation rates and arterial blood flow than controls (risk ratio [

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Chronic venous insufficiency, which is defined as a condition relevant to persistent ambulatory venous hypertension, is a common cause of venous leg ulcers. Compression therapy is commonly used to relieve ambulatory venous hypertension and heal leg ulcers. Exercise is considered as adjunctive therapy, targeting calf muscle pump function, to additionally favor the compression treatment for facilitating the healing process. Different exercise training regimens for promoting wound healing and its relevant outcomes are reviewed and discussed in this study.