Date palm is the axis of Algerian Saharan oasis agriculture creating a microclimate suitable for the cultivation of fruit trees, cereal crops, and vegetables. Date palm cultivation is subject to abiotic and biotic constraints including diseases like bayoud which destroyed millions of palm trees in southwestern Algeria and continues to expand despite prophylactic measures taken by the Plant Protection Services. Traditional and modern techniques are utilized equally in the operations of small and large farms. Various problems related to agricultural practices keep the yield per tree low in comparison to the surrounding regions. Approximately 18 million date palms are cultivated on an area of 169,380 ha; out of these, ten million trees are producing an annual yield of 500,000 mt of dates. Exports of Algerian dates are small because of weak marketing strategies. A program for the development and expansion of date palm agriculture was implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADR ) in the recent years. Moreover, research on propagation, improvement, and evaluation of Algerian date palm cultivars is receiving attention by researchers in various universities and research

hree field experiments (2008 to 2011) were conducted to evaluate the ability of winter wheat (Triticum durum Desf. var. Carioca) to utilize and acquire soil phosphorus and nitrogen under different sources of phosphate fertilizers (Fosfactyl, Single super phosphate and Mono-ammonium-phosphate) and rates of applications (30, 60, 90 and 120 kg Pha-1) with a fixed level of nitrogen fertilization. Results revealed a significant effect of P rates on phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE); however, P sources fertilizer had non-significant effect in all three cropping seasons. PUE and NUE decreased markedly with increasing P supply that did not result in an improvement of P and N uptake. Grain protein content was significantly influenced by phosphorus fertilization in 2008-09. The best values were obtained by Single super phosphate and P rate 60 kg ha-1.

-Introduction. The populations of Kidal, in the North of Mali, traditionally nomadic, are directing themselves gradually towards farming because of recurring droughts; date palm culture, although well represented, is still not very developed in this area. Our study is within the scope of the development projects of date palm in the North of Mali. It aimed to take an inventory of and characterize the phytogenetic resources of the date palm in order to draw up strategies for the development of this heritage. Materials and methods. Our study was carried out, in the area of Kidal, in nine main locations known for a long time for growing date palm. We determined the full number of plants observed in the area, the ratio of the productive plants, the sex distribution, the cultivars represented, the plant ages and their ripening times. Characterization of the major cultivars was determined based on vegetative characters and the morphological characteristics of inflorescences, fruits and seeds. Results and discussion. We listed more than 4000 date palms in the sampled area; the proportions of male palm trees appeared high. The location of Tessalit seems to be the most significant and oldest palm plantation of the area studied. It contains 39% of the effective total. Our study made it possible to identify 18 cultivars. The multiple correspondence factorial analysis for characterization of the cultivars in the Kidal area showed that inter-cultivar variability seemed to be very high whatever the studied characters; on the other hand, intra-cultivar variability was low. Proximities were defined between the local Tigaza cultivars and the Algerian Tigaza.Mali / Phoenix dactylifera / genetic resources / surveys / stand characteristics / genetic variation Étude du patrimoine phoenicicole de Kidal au nord du Mali.Résumé -Introduction. Les populations de Kidal, au nord du Mali, traditionnellement nomades, s'orientent progressivement vers l'agriculture du fait de sécheresses récurrentes ; la culture du palmier dattier bien que représentée est encore peu élaborée dans cette région. Notre étude s'est inscrite dans le cadre des projets de développement de la phoeniciculture au nord du Mali. Elle a eu pour objectif de recenser et de caractériser les ressources phytogénétiques du palmier dattier afin d'envisager des stratégies de développement de ce patrimoine. Matériel et méthodes. Notre étude a été réalisée, dans la région de Kidal, dans neuf sites principaux connus depuis longtemps pour la culture du palmier dattier. Nous avons déterminé le nombre total de pieds observés dans la région, l'effectif des pieds productifs, la répartition des sexes, les cultivars représentés, l'âge des pieds et leurs périodes de maturation. Une caractérisation des principaux cultivars a été établie en se basant sur des caractères végétatifs et des caractères morphologiques des inflorescences, des fruits et des graines. Résultats et discussion. Nous avons recensé plus de 4000 palmiers dattiers dans la région échantillonnée ; les proportions de pal...

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