Background: There is limited evidence regarding the risk factors and nutritional patterns in patients with premature coronary artery disease (PCAD). This study aims to investigate the relationship between different dietary patterns and risk factors in patients with PCAD. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on PCAD patients, including men younger than 55 years and women younger than 65 years, who underwent coronary angiography in the Angiography Department of the Shahid Mohamadi Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Anthropometric and clinical examination, demographic questionnaires, and containing dietary intake and physical activity questionnaires were filled for all participants. Results: The most prevalent risk factors for obstructive PCAD in the 65 selected patients were family history of coronary artery disease (CAD) (73%), hypertension (52%), and overweight/obesity (50%). Daily consumption of hydrogenated fats (P = 0.008) and high-fat milk (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in obstructive PCAD patients compared to non-obstructive and non-PCAD patients. Daily consumption of fruits was significantly higher in non-obstructive and non-PCAD patients compared to obstructive PCAD patients (P = 0.039). Conclusion: Family history of CAD, hypertension, and obesity were found to be the most common risk factors among obstructive PCAD patients.  According to the findings, increased consumption of high-fat milk and hydrogenated fats may increase the risk of PCAD, whereas, daily consumption of fruits may reduce the risk of PCAD.

Introduction: Myocardial infarction without obstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA) accounts for 5-15% of acute myocardial infarction (MI) cases. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and family history of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and their association with gender in patients with MINOCA. Patients and Methods: Around 1772 patients entered this cross-sectional study. Prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia was significantly higher in women compared to men (P<0.001). Smoking was more common in men than women (P<0.001). Results: Women with MINOCA are more likely to have hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes than men with MINOCA, whereas men are more likely to be smokers. Conclusion: Effective blood pressure control, correction of lipid profile and proper glycemic control can prevent MINOCA and its associated morbidities and mortality, especially in women.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised a serious challenge for health care systems, a challenge which requires taking effective and intensive measures to provide patient care. COVID-19 can cause damages to various organs, including heart, through causing various changes in the inflammatory and coagulation systems. Some cases of cardiac injury can display mistakable signs of myocardial infarction (MI). Cardiac injury can mimic acute conditions such as MI. Case Presentation: In this study, a case of a 33-year-old man with an initial diagnosis of MI by ST-elevation was investigated. He later developed pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) after being treated with fibrinolytic and anticoagulants; after further investigations, however, he was found not afflicted with primary MI. Our findings may have proven useful in demonstrating the unexpected effects of anticoagulants on COVID-19. Conclusion: Miss-diagnosing these cases as well as administrating effective treatment for COVID-19 patients may have posed real risks to the patients and made it difficult to manage them due to the high risk of death and the lack of differential diagnosis of the given patients.

Introduction: Acute coronary artery syndrome is a term to describe a wide range of diseases associated with a sudden and severe decrease in blood flow to the heart. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the variables related to the severity and type of coronary artery involvement in patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Patients and Methods: This study is a retrospective analytical descriptive study. The statistical population of this study included patients who were admitted to the vascular ward of Shahid Mohammadi hospital in Bandar-Abbas during 2017-2020 with a diagnosis of the ACS and underwent coronary angiography. Results: In the study of the main vessel involvement, left anterior descending artery (LAD) with 38.15% and RCA with 23.97% were the most common vessels involved. The most involved vessels were LAD-right coronary artery (LAD-RCA) (8.61%), left circumflex artery (LCX) (7.95%), obtuse marginal artery (OM) (7.68%) and diagonal arteries (4.77%), respectively. The most common sites of involvement in Chen’s anterior descending vessel were the middle part of LAD (m.LAD), the proximal part of LAD (p.LAD), and then the distal part of LAD (d.LAD), respectively. Most of the places of conflict RCA, precisely similar to LAD, were the middle part of RCA (m.RCA), the proximal part of RCA (p.RCA) and the distal part of RCA (d.RCA). There was a statistically significant relationship between the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) according to age, gender, diabetes, blood pressure, family history and the number of vessels involved. There was no statistically significant relationship between the severity of coronary artery involvement, smoking and mean body mass index (BMI). Conclusion: As it is shown, our results were quite similar to other studies around the country. Hence, following the nationwide guidelines for treating CVD in this city seems rational and helpful.

Multiple Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistulas (PAVFs) are rare vascular abnormalities in the general population, with a report on 15000 autopsies revealing only 3 cases of multiple PAVFs. However, these abnormal communications between pulmonary arteries and veins are commonly seen in patients with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT). Several conditions such as cirrhosis, chest trauma, metastatic carcinoma, schistosomiasis, and systemic amyloidosis are accountable for acquired form PAVF. We describe 2 patients (mother and son) with multiple PAVFs and no apparent signs or symptoms suggestive of HHT. A pulmonary artery injection wes performed for Case 1 (mother) and showed bilateral PAVFs with aneurysmal dilation. Given the diagnosis of PAVFs in the mother, we considered the same pathology for the child's symptoms. Therefore, the boy also underwent pulmonary angiography, which revealed multiple bilateral PAVFs. Both patients underwent interventional angiography and the PAVFs were occulted with stainless coil. In conclusion, the presence of multiple PAVFs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with unexplained exertional dyspnea and cyanosis, even in the absence of diagnostic features suggestive of HHT.