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Integrating Passive Optical Network (PON) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access network (WiMAX)achieves universal internet connectivity at a higher data rate. Here Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are used as the backbone. Base stations in WiMAX are connected to Optical Network Units. In this work cost, routing and resource allocation related issues in hybrid networks are investigated. Light trails are used for traffic grooming. Various network topologies are used for simulation and results are obtained, compared. and analyzed. The results confirm a lower cost solution by using hybrid networks for universal connectivity.

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