An undergraduate laboratory experiment is described to measure Henry’s law constants of organic compounds using a bubble column and gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID). This experiment is designed for upper-division undergraduate laboratory courses and can be implemented in conjunction with physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, environmental chemistry, and toxicology laboratory courses. This experiment can be used to determine solubilities of organic compounds that have important implications in atmospheric chemistry and water pollution and build a useful database through undergraduate experiments.

In this paper, we propose a fast switchable lens system with multiple focal points. Specifically, the combination of the Electrically Suppressed Helix Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal (ESHFLC) based polarization rotator and a passive polarization‐dependent LC lens can switch the focal points at high speed (50µs). Moreover, a cascaded assembly of 3 such lens units shows 8‐focal points, with a fast response time of 50µs. This device shows promising potential for VR and depth‐mapping.

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