Sankha Ghosh has been a major figure in Bengali poetry since the 1950s. The son of Manindra Kumar and Amalabala Ghosh, he was born in Chandpur, in present-day Bangladesh, the family’s ancestral home district being Barisal. Manindra Kumar was an eminent school headmaster and an ardent admirer of Tagore. Ghosh attended school in Chandraprabha Vidyapith in Paksi, Pabna. The ambience of this school exerted a strong influence on his early development. He was later educated at the Presidency College and at the University of Calcutta. He taught literature at several universities prior to his retirement from Jadavpur University as Professor of Bengali.

Purpose An indoor office space should not only provide adequate illuminance on horizontal planes but also cater to the physiological and psychological requirements of the occupants. This paper aims to describe a lighting simulation-based work conducted in Kolkata, India which modeled an indoor office to investigate the effects of variation in room surface reflectance combinations on user perception, mean room surface exitance (MRSE), average horizontal illuminance and overall uniformity of horizontal illuminance. Design/methodology/approach A fluorescent illumination system–based office space was modeled and retrofitted with tubular LED lamps in DIALux. Simulations were conducted for 16 different room surface reflectance combinations and a five-point Likert scale-type survey questionnaire was formulated to conduct a survey with 32 test subjects to assess the subjective preferability of each resultant light scene. Findings Simulation results demonstrate that the relationship between average horizontal illuminance and MRSE as well as between average horizontal illuminance and overall uniformity of horizontal illuminance, was statistically significant (p < 0.001). In the conducted survey, the resultant light scene arising out of the reflectance combination of wall:ceiling:floor = 60%:90%:20% was the most well-received one with 187 convinced agreements (“agree” and “strongly agree” responses). Originality/value This work found strong linear correlation between average horizontal illuminance and MRSE and between average horizontal illuminance and overall uniformity. A five-point Likert scale-type survey questionnaire with seven questions was formulated and validated with 32 test subjects (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.9295), which showed that the wall:ceiling:floor reflectance combination of 60%:90%:20% was the most favored choice.

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A software-based comparative simulation work was conducted about the luminance-based method of road lighting design with MATLAB and DIALux, giving due consideration to the design standards laid down in CIE140:2019 technical report. The outputs were obtained for a specified set of road lighting conditions in terms of luminaire mounting height, road width, spacing of lighting poles, overhang, and maintenance factor for four different CIE standard road surfaces R1, R2, R3, and R4, six different observer positions and three types of luminai rearrangements. MATLAB and DIALux outputs were quantified by three quality parameters, namely: average luminance, overall uniformity and longitudinal uniformity of luminance, and the linear correlation between the two was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.00001). DIALux, as a graphical lighting design tool, was found to be more convenient than the algorithm-reliant MATLAB programming approach for general road lighting simulation. However, MATLAB programming approachcould facilitate experimental road lighting simulation, and the developed MATLAB program could be used as a flexible tool to simulate road lighting with experimental luminaire distribution curve of luminous intensity (I) and road surface reduced luminance coefficient (r) tables. Further developments upon it could potentially integrate provisions for luminaires with custom tilt and curved road surfaces.