HighlightsDe Garengeot hernia is defined as femoral hernia containing the appendix.De Garengeot hernia with appendicitis is a very rare surgical finding.Diagnosis most often is made intraoperatively.Treatment depends on complications of the hernia and the anatomical position of the appendix.Prompt surgical treatment is essential in order to avoid severe complications.

Rectal ischemia rarely occurs because of the rich vascular supply of the rectum, while endoscopic presentation of ischemic colitis always is not distinct and can uncommonly mimic malignant neoplasm. We present a case of a rectal ischemia, which presented with haematochezia and proctoscopy revealed a large ulcerating mass, masquerading as rectal cancer and obstructed the lumen of rectum. However, histological examinations showed only features for ischemic colitis and no evidence for malignancy. The patient was treated conservatively and 10 days later, new endoscopy showed complete disappearance of ulcerated mass, and new biopsies confirmed the initial diagnosis. Awareness and early diagnosis of ‘mass forming’ entity of ischemic colitis is very essential in order to carry out appropriate treatment and avoid severe complications.

Background: To report the cardiovascular and renal effects of incretin-based therapies. Method: The studies of clinical trials on incretin-based therapy published in medical journals from years 2010 to 2017 were comprehensively searched using MEDLINE and EMBASE with no language restriction. The studies were reviewed and the cardiovascular and renal risks reported were recorded. Results: Incretin-based therapeutics represent novel and promising anti-diabetes drugs, the direct cardiovascular actions of which may translate into demonstrable clinical benefits on cardiovascular outcomes. Furthermore incretin-based therapies do not adversely affect renal function.