No abstract

Radiotherapy in the treatment of head and neck tumors is most often used as an independent method or in combination with surgery and / or chemotherapy. These therapeutic methods in a multidisciplinary approach generally lead to favourable therapeutic response. During radiotherapy of this region, oral mucosa is inevitably covered within irradiated volume. Radical therapy is achieved with high doses of radiation, which usually results in development of undesired toxic effects, which, depending on the time of manifestation can be acute and late. Acute radiation toxicity occurs during or immediately after completion of performed therapy, and the late one several months or years after the completed treatment. The most common acute complications in the oral cavity are inflammation of oral mucosa, loss of taste, dry mouth and secondary infections. Late complications include radiation caries, trismus, and osteoradionecrosis. The aim of this paper was to present the effects and specificities of toxicity observed on oral cavity tissues after radiotherapy.

за онкологију и радиологију Србије. 4 Срђан Милановић, Институт за онкологију и радиологију Србије. 5 Никола Милошевић, Институт за онкологију и радиологију Србије.

Oesophageal and gastric cancers are among the ten most common malignancies in the world. These are diseases of the elderly population, and more common in men. These cancers are multifactorial diseases, with the influence of genetically inherited syndromes and acquired factors such as smoking, obesity, Barrett's oesophagus, and Helicobacter pylori infection. The clinical symptoms include dysphagia, weight loss, mediastinal and abdominal pain, nausea, and malaise. CT examinations of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, and also esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy and histopathological verification are needed for a complete diagnosis. The most common histological type of oesophageal cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, and most common gastric carcinoma is adenocarcinoma. Screenings for these cancers are not performed routinely, except in countries with a high incidence rate. The most widely accepted TNM classification is used to determine the stage. Oesophageal and gastric cancer treatment is multimodal and includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Surgery is the first line of treatment in these cancers, especially in the local stages. Chemotherapy is used in almost all stages of the disease. Radiotherapy has its place in treatment, especially in locally advanced stages. It can be used as postoperative and preoperative radiotherapy, usually in combination with chemotherapy. Treatment of oesophageal and gastric cancers in the future will develop in the direction of advancing diagnostics, surgical procedures, immunotherapeutic agents as well as new radiotherapy techniques.

_______ 45 Сажетак Акутни радиодерматитис је најчешћи облик радијационе токсичности током радиотерапије. Више од 90% пацијената који се лече радиотерапијом имају неки облик радиодерматитиса. Постоји више фактора за настанак радиодерматитиса. Најзначајнији симптом је бол. Превенција развоја већих градуса акутне токсичности је посебно важна. Модерне технике зрачења, као што је интензитетом модулисана радиотерапија (ИМРТ) су у великој мери заслужне за смањење интензитета и учесталости радиодерматитиса. У лечењу акутне радијационе токсичности коже је неопходна терапија бола и адекватна локална нега коже. Кључне речи: радиодерматитис, акутна радијациона токсичност коже, интензитетом модулисана радиотерапија, превенција, терапија.