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Oxidative stress can lead to different lesions in DNA which are direct modification of bases of nucleotides including single and double strands breaks. Among all the bases of the nucleotides, guanine is most susceptible to oxidative changes, due to its lower reduction potential and hydroxyl radicals interact with imidazole ring of this nitrogenous base [9]. The well-studied marker for AbstractGlutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are belongs to phage II detoxification enzymes which play an important role in detoxification/biotransformation of endogenous and exogenous toxic agents like reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and xenobiotic including environmental carcinogens. The generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species is known as oxidative stress which causes molecular damage. Oxidation of proteins leads to loss of certain function. Oxidation of lipids causes the disruption of biological membrane. That the DNA mutation and oxidative DNA lesions which are critical in carcinogenesis. This mini review discussed about the detoxification role of GSTs against endogenous and exogenous toxic compounds.

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Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are major defence enzymes of the antioxidant enzymatic system. Cytosolic GSTs are more involved in the detoxification than mitochondrial and microsomal GSTs. GSTs are localized in the cerebellum and hippocampus of the rat brain. Acrylamide (AC) is a well assessed neurotoxin of both animals and humans and it produces skeletal muscle weakness and ataxia. AC is extensively used in several industries such as cosmetic, paper, textile, in ore processing, as soil conditioners, flocculants for waste water treatment and it is present in daily consumed food products, like potato chips, French fries, bread, breakfast cereals and beverages like coffee; it is detected on tobacco smoking. GST acts as a biomarker in response to acrylamide. AC can interact with DNA and therefore generate mutations. In rats, low level expression of glutathione S-trasferase (GST) decreases both memory and life span. The major aim of this review is to provide better information on the antioxidant role of GST against AC induced neurotoxicity and genotoxicity.