The use of NPK fertilizer and bokashi composting, which is a fermented organic matter combined with microbial stock, have been reported as potential agricultural practices to enhance the farming land and crop production. The aim of this research is to understand the type of bokashi fertilizer and the correct dosage of NPK inorganic fertilizer in improving entisol soil quality and shallot yield in the dry land. The research used the split-plot design, which was divided into two factors. The first factor of the main plot was the bokashi type consisting of two levels: 3 t ha-1 of bokashi compost of Gliricidia sp. tree leaves (B1); and bokashi cow manure 3 t ha-1 (B2). The second factor as the subplot was the NPK inorganic fertilizer dose which were consisted of four levels: without fertilizers (K0), NPK 100 kg ha-1 (K1), NPK 200 kg ha-1 (K2), and NPK 300 kg ha-1 (K3). By combination of these two factors 8 combined treatments with 3 replications totally 24 units were obtained. The result of the research showed that application of 3 t ha-1 bokashi cow manure (B2) coupled with NPK inorganic fertilizer at 200 kg ha-1 (K2) caused a decrease in evaporation of its land and soil temperature, while increase shallot bulb yield compared with other treatments. The analysis of soil and soil microbes showed an increase in soil fertility by elevated levels of C-organic from 0.66 % to 3.28 %, N-fixing bacteria from 27 x 10 5 CFU ml-1 to 47 x10 6 CFU ml-1 and phosphate solubilizing bacteria from 20 x10 3 CFU ml-1 to 90 x10 3 CFU ml-1. The shallot bulb yield increased from 4.79 t ha-1 to 11.74 t ha-1 .

The study aimed to obtain the type of mulch and the doses of liquid organic fertilizer proper waste coconut husks in modifying microclimate around crops to obtain the maximum yield of shallot in the dryland. The research was used a factorial randomized complete block design consisting of two factors. The first factor consisting mulches, M1 = silver-black plastic mulch and M2 = straw mulch. The dose of liquid organic fertilizer from coconut husks was the second factor. It is consisting of S0 = without fertilizer, S1 = 500 L ha-1, S2 = 750 L ha-1 and S3 = 1000 L ha-1. The results showed that the application of a combination of mulch and liquid organic fertilizer coconut husk waste significantly affected plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of tillers, and the bulb yield. Straw mulch with coconut husks waste dose of 1000 L ha-1 resulted in plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of tillers and highest bulb yield compared with other treatments. The highest bulb yield was obtained with 9.63 t ha-1.

<p><strong>Background</strong>. Shallot plant is an important commodity in Central Sulawesi because it functions as a raw material in the fried onion home-industry. <strong>Objective.</strong> The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mulch and organic fertilizers on the agronomic performance of the “Lembah Palu” variety of shallot (<em>Allium cepa </em>L. var. <em>Aggregatum</em>) on dryland. <strong>Methodology.</strong> The experiment consisted of three types of mulch (no mulching, rice straw, and <em>Gliricidia sepium</em> leaf) and four types of organic fertilizers (no fertilizer, bioculture, biourin and cattle manure compost). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement with three replications. A total of 36 plots were used for the experiment. The agronomic performance measured were: plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of tillers, fresh weight, dry weight, bulb diameter and bulb yield of shallot. Environmental parameters include temperature and humidity. <strong>Result.</strong> Results showed that the application of rice straw mulch plus bioculture organic fertilizer had positive  significant effect (<em>P≤ 0.05</em>, respectively) on next agronomic parameters: plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of tillers, fresh weight, dry weight, bulb diameter and yield bulb of shallot. <strong>Implications. </strong>Significantly positive results on the agronomic parameters of shallots indicate that the application of mulch and bioculture organic fertilizers can be used on other crops to increasing the efficiency of dryland.<strong> </strong><strong>Conclusion.</strong> The highest production of shallots was 9.46 t^.ha^-1. Thus, it can be recommended that straw mulch at a dose of 5 t^.ha^-1 and bioculture at a dose of 750 L^.ha^-1 is better for the growth and yield of shallot in dryland. The use of rice straw mulch and bioculture as organic liquid fertilizer provides benefits to increase productivity, add value to the crop and livestock waste, reduce environmental pollution, and application to plants will produce healthy products.</p><strong></strong>

Dryland has low soil fertility. Efforts that can be made to improve soil fertility are fertilizer technologies such as green manure compost. The aim of this study was to determine the type and dose of green manure to increase the growth, production and nutrient uptake of maize in the dryland. The research was conducted in Sidera Village Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi from June to December 2018. The research used a factorial randomized block design. The first factor is the type of green manure consisting of three levels, namely mungbean green manure (K1), peanut green manure (K2) and Centrosema pubescens green manure (K3). The second factor is the dose of green manure which consists of three levels, namely 5 t. ha-1 (D1), 7.5 t. ha-1 (D2) and 10 t. ha-1 (D3). Thus, there are 9 treatment combinations, each treatment consisting of 3 replications so that there are 27 experimental units. Data were analyzed statistically using the F test and if significantly different it was followed by the least significant difference (LSD) Fisher’s test, P-value 0.05. These results showed that the types and dose of green manure increase the growth and yield of maize, namely leaf area, stem diameter, cob length, the weight of 100 dry shelled seeds, and production per hectare of the dry weight of corn shelled. The highest nutrient uptake and maize production were obtained in the application of C. pubescens green manure at a dose of 10 t. ha-1, namely nitrogen uptake of 7.68%, phosphorus of 0.39%, potassium of 0.09% and yield of 6.44 t. ha-1.

Most upland soils are poor in organic matter and have high temperature. The utilization ofmulch and organic manure with appropriate dosage are expected to enhance the physical andchemical conditions of the soil and the production of shallot. This study aimed to determine the effectof applying various types of mulch and cow urine bioculture on the growth and yield of shallot. Theresearch was conducted in March to June 2017 in Oloboju Village, Sigi Biromaru District, SigiRegency, Central Sulawesi Province. A randomized block design factorial with two factors was usedin this study. The first factor was the various types of mulch, namely: Gliricidia sepium leaves, ricestraw, and plastic mulch. The second factor was the frequency of bioculture, namely: without cowurine bioculture, two times and four times application. Thus, there are nine in the combination oftreatments and repeated three times and therefore there were 27 experimental units. The resultsshowed that interaction of rice straw mulch and four times cow urine bioculture application have avery significant effect on the growth and production of shallot. The use of 3 ton ha-1 rice straw andfour times cow urine bioculture application frequency produced 11.25 ton ha-1 shallot bulb.Keywords: chemical properties, gliricidia leaf, organic matter, rice straw, soil physicalABSTRAKLahan kering umumnya memiliki kandungan bahan organik yang rendah dengan suhu yangtinggi. Penggunaan mulsa dan pupuk organik pada lahan kering dengan dosis yang cukup diharapkandapat memperbaiki sifat fisik, sifat kimia tanah dan sifat biologi tanah serta meningkatkan hasilbawang merah. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh jenis mulsa dan frekuensi pemberianbiokultur urin sapi terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulanMaret sampai Juni 2017 di Desa Oloboju, Kecamatan Sigi Biromaru, Kabupaten Sigi, ProvinsiSulawesi Tengah. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan pola faktorial yangterdiri atas dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah jenis mulsa yang terdiri atas: mulsa daun tanaman gamal(Gliricidia sepium), mulsa jerami padi dan mulsa plastik hitam perak. Faktor kedua yaitu frekuensipemberian biokultur urin sapi yang terdiri atas: tanpa biokultur, dua kali pemberian biokultur danempat kali pemberian biokultur selama satu musim tanam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mulsajerami padi memberikan hasil lebih baik dibandingkan dengan mulsa plastik hitam perak dan mulsadaun tanaman gamal, sedangkan frekuensi pemberian biokultur empat kali memberikan hasil lebihbaik dibandingkan frekuensi biokultur dua kali dan tanpa biokultur. Interaksi keduanya berpengaruhterhadap komponen pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah. Penggunaan mulsa jerami padi 3ton ha-1 dan frekuensi biokultur urin sapi sebanyak empat kali menghasilkan umbi bawang merah11.25 ton ha-1.Kata kunci: bahan organik, daun tanaman gamal, jerami padi, sifat fisik tunas, sifat kimia tanah