Fusarium oxysporum is one of endophyte microbes isolated from dahlia tuber (Dahlia variabilis) which has the ability to produce secondary metabolites. In this research, optimization of chemichal and physical fermentation conditions were carried out. Corn, potato, and sweet potato with particle size of 80 mesh were used as corbon sources to produce secondary metabolite for 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days respectively with ethyl acetate was used to extract secondary metabolites. The assessment of antimicrobial activity was then performed against Candida albican, Escherichia coli and Staphylacoccus aureus. A serial of metabolite concentrations 5.7 mg/ml, 3.8 mg/ml, and 1.9 mg/ml were used. The optimum inhibition against microbial pathogen growth was corn for 15 day fementation (C15). The inhibition zone against Candida albicans, E.coli, and S. aureus were 7.62±0.32, 14.15±0.09, and 15.24±0.24 mm respectively at 5.7 mg/ml metabolite concentration. The result of metabolites screening showed overall extract secondary metabolites comprised terpenoid group. The separation of the active ingredients was performed using both Thin Layer Chromatoghraphy and High Performance Liquid Chromatoghraphy (HPLC) depicted 4 component.

Fusarium oxysporum LBKURCC41 is one of endophyte fungi which is able to produce secondary metabolites. The purpose of this research was to discover an antioxidant agent from F. oxysporum LBKURCC41extract that was fermented in Huang medium for 15 d with of corn and potato with particle size of 80 mesh as carbon sources. The ethyl acetate extract from the cultured medium showed four dominant component with retentiont time of 3.24, 3.44, 17.02 and 18.889 min. The F. oxysporum LBKURCC41 extract containing compounds with functional group O-H, C-H and C-O, and it had a IC 50 value of 435,157±12,009 a . ABSTRAKJamur Fusarium oxysporum LBKURCC41 adalah salah satu jamur endofit yang mampu menghasilkan metabolit sekunder. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan suatu agen antioksidan dari F. oxysporum LBKURCC41 yang difermentasi dengan media Huang selama 15 hari dengan menggunakan jagung dan kentang dengan ukuran partikel 80 mesh sebagai sumber karbon. Ekstrak metabolit yang telah diekstraksi dengan etil asetat menunjukkan adanya 4 komponen dengan waktu retensi 3,24; 3,44; 17,02 dan 18,889 menit. Ekstrak metabolit dari F. oxysporum LBKURCC41Hasil FTIR ekstrak mengandung beberapa gugus fungsi seperti O-H, C-H, dan C-O , dan memiliki nilai IC 50 sebesar 435,157±12,009 a .Kata kunci: antioksidan, fermentasi, Fusarium oxysporum, metabolit sekunder. PENDAHULUANJamur endofit merupakan jamur yang hidup dalam jaringan tanaman dengan cara simbiosis mutualisme (Simarmata et al. 2007). Jamur endofit masuk ke dalam jaringan tanaman bisa melalui beberapa cara diantaranya dengan menghasilkan enzim ekstraseluler dan dapat juga melalui jaringan yang luka.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most frequent microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). The increasing number of diabetic retinopathy cases, amajor cause of blindness worldwide, is resulted from the increasing prevalence and life span of diabetes mellitus patients. In 2010, the number of diabetic retinopathy cases was 126.6 million and is predicted to increase to 191.0 million by 2030. The number of patients with vision-threatening diabeticretinopathy is also predicted to increase from 37.3 million to 56.3 million. Subjects and Method:This study was a descriptive study conducted from January to February 2020.A sample of 98 patients was taken through fixed disease sampling. Research data was collected from electonic medical record of patients visiting Eye Clinic of Zainoel Abidin General Hospital Banda Aceh using total sampling method. The researchers used the triangulation method to complete some missing demographic data in the medical records, such as occupation, education, and monthly salary. Interviews were conducted directly with patients after they underwent an examination, and the results were included in the research form.Results: 35 patients (35.7%) were aged 56-65 years and 26 patients (26.5%) worked as housewives. The most common systemic complications were heart disorder found in 17 patients (17.3%). Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was identified in 49 patients (50.0%), whereas 51 patients (52.0%) presented with diabetic macular edema (DME). 44 patients (44.9%) came with less than 6/60 visual acuity on the left eye. Conclusion: Most patients presenting in EyeClinic of Zainoel Abidin Hospital Banda Aceh were in worse condition (PDR) with visual acuity of less than 6/60. Therefore, educating and counseling diabetic patients to undergo routine screening by ophthalmologists are important in order to prevent loss of vision caused by diabetic retinopathy.