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This investigation provided evidence for, and confirmed the efficacy of, K. longipedunculata, a traditionally used Chinese medicinal plant for the treatment of inflammation and infection.

The essential oil of B. marginatum exhibited a promising anti-inflammatory activity along with strong cytotoxicity against many cancer cells (CCRF-CEM and HepG2) mediated through induction of apoptosis, and this in-vitro activity make its local traditional uses rational. However, its limited antimicrobial activity indicates that a combination with other drugs is essential for effective use. Further selectivity testing is required to evaluate the effect of the oil against normal cells.

The volatile secondary metabolites of essential oils from fruit peel and leaves of variegated pink-fl eshed lemon (Citrus x limon) were investigated using GLC and GLC-MS (gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy). Altogether 141 compounds were identifi ed and quantifi ed, accounting for 99.59% and 96.33% of the total hydrodistilled peel and leaf oil, respectively. Limonene occurred in higher amounts in fruit peel (52.73%) than in leaf oil (29.13%). Neral (12.72%), neryl acetate (8.53%), ρ-menth-1-en-7-al (4.63%), β-pinene (6.35%), and nerol (4.42%) were the most abundant constituents in leaf oil, whereas γ-terpinene (9.88%), β-pinene (7.67%), geranial (4.44%), and neral (3.64%) dominated in the fruit peel oil. The antioxidant, anti-infl ammatory, antitrypanosomal, and antimicrobial activities of the fruit peel essential oil were evaluated. The oil had a low antioxidant activity with an IC 50 value of (26.66 ± 2.07) mg/ml as compared to the effi cient antioxidant ascorbic acid [IC 50 (16.32 ± 0.16) μg/ml]. The oil moderately inhibited soybean 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) with an IC 50 value of (32.05 ± 3.91) μg/ml and had moderate antitrypanosomal activity [IC 50 (60.90 ± 0.91) μg/ml]. In addition, moderate antimicrobial activities were detected against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus capitis, Micrococcus luteus), one Gram-negative bacterium (Pseudomonas fl uorescens), and yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida parapsilosis).