Cacao powder is one of derivative products of cacao, applied in many industries such as chocolate drink, confectionary, bakery, etc cacao powder demand increased year by year. Cocoa powder aroma and taste are determined by cacao processing stages, especially roasting. Maillard reaction occurs during roasting, produces aroma and taste compounds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of roasting to cocoa powder characteristics. The study was conducted by roasting cocoa bean using manual equipment at 135oC in different time interval which were 5, 10, and 15 minutes. The results were compared to 40 minutes roasted cocoa bean using roaster at 135oC as control. Then the cocoa bean was further processed into cocoa powder. The cocoa powder was used to analyze the physicochemical and organoleptics characteristics. Optimum roasting time was obtained by 15 minutes roasting based on physichochemical and preference test.

Snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw.) is a tropical fruit produced in Indonesia. Snake fruit peel is normally discarded as waste. In the present study, it was revealed that snake fruit peel has high bioactivities on stimulation of the immune system. Snake fruit peel extract (SFPE) was prepared by extracting snake fruit peel powder in water for 15 h at 4 °C. SFPE enhanced phagocytotic activity of murine macrophage-like J774.1 cells. Production of cytokine such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 was also stimulated by SFPE. The gene expression levels for these cytokines were elevated. Immunoblot analysis revealed that SFPE enhanced not only nuclear factor (NF)-κB but also mitogen-activated protein kinases signalling cascades such as JNK and p38 in macrophage. Overall findings suggested that SFPE has a potential beneficial effect to promote our body health through the stimulation of macrophage.

<p>Bligo (<em>Benincasa hispida</em>) merupakan tanaman yang tumbuh di daerah tropis dan subtropis. Buah bligo mengandung senyawa-senyawa aktif antara lain flavonoid, glikosida, karoten, vitamin, mineral, dan asam uronat. Penelitian di bidang farmakologi telah mengungkapkan bahwa buah bligo memberikan efek kesehatan, antara lain <em>antidepressant</em>, ansiolitik, antioksidan, antiinflamatori, diuretik, antidiabetik, dan antimikrobia. Namun penelitian di Indonesia mengenai kulit bligo masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan aktivitas antioksidan dan <em>screening</em> fitokimia pada kulit bligo. Kulit bligo dikeringkan kemudian digiling menjadi bubuk ukuran 100 mesh. Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan DPPH, dan uji <em>screening</em> fitokimia kualitatif menggunakan LC-MS/MS QTOF. Aktivitas antioksidan pada kulit bligo adalah kelas medium dengan nilai IC₅₀ 6,91 mg/mL. Dari hasil analisis LC-MS/MS QTOF diketahui bahwa kulit bligo mengandung 36 senyawa, dengan 5 senyawa dominannya adalah adenosin; polidatin; 7-(4-hidroksi-3-metoksifenil)-l-(4-hidroksifenil)-4E,6E-heptadien-3-on; morasin C; dan kushenol S. Hasil karakterisasi yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kulit bligo berpotensi sebagai senyawa aktif.</p><p><strong></strong><strong>Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Peel Bligo (<em>Benincasa hispida</em>). </strong>Bligo (<em>Benincasa hispida</em>) is a plant that grows in tropical and subtropical regions. Bligo fruit contains active compounds such as flavonoids, glycosides, carotene, vitamins, minerals, and uronic acid. Research in the field of pharmacology has revealed that bligo fruit has health effects, including antidepressants, anxiolytics, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, diuretics, antidiabetic, and antimicrobials. However, research on bligo peel is very limited. This study aims were to carry out antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of bligo peel characteristics. Bligo’s peel was dried and ground into 100 mesh powder. Then antioxidant activity test using DPPH, and qualitative phytochemical screening test using LC-MS/MS QTOF were conducted. The bligo peel is medium class of antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ value was 6.91 mg/mL. From the results of LC-MS/MS QTOF analysis it was known that bligo skin contained 36 compounds, with 5 dominant compounds, namely adenosine; polydatin; 7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4E, 6E-heptadien-3-one; moracin C; and kushenol S. The results of the characterization showed that bligo skin has the potential as a source of active compounds for further utilization.</p>

The development of ready-to-drink chocolate products is a milestone to increase the added value of cocoa beans. Cocoa bean is a potential commodity of Banjaroyo, Kulon Progo Regency, DIY. The development of chocolate beverage needed ability of producers to understand consumer demand, including in terms of product appearance, so the products can be accepted in the market. This study aimed to analyze the effect of packaging of Banjaroyo chocolate beverage on buying interest. Product packaging attributes that will be examined were colors, illustrations, forms, information and typography. This study used a quantitative approach by collecting assessments of 100 respondents and qualitative data as a support. The level of influence of packaging attributes on consumer buying interest was analyzed by regression tests and descriptive analysis. The results showed that the packaging color, illustrations, forms, information and typography simultaneously affected 66.4 % buying interest. The packaging form and packaging typography and information attributes significantly influence buying interest by 48.94 % and 10.74 %. Based on descriptive analysis respondents liked the form of a sturdy packaging, and easy to hold. However, packaging requires an improvement in the completeness of product information, and the uniqueness of the illustrations.