Background & aim: Regarding to the importance of S. aureus colonization in bovine mastitis and the role of biofilm in its pathogenesis, the aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic production of biofilm and subsequently identify genes related to biofilm production in isolates of S. aureus from bovine with subclinical mastitis. Methods:In the present cross-sectional study, a total of 502 milk samples were collected from bovine with subclinical mastitis in Boyerahmad and Dena townships. After isolation of bacteria was completed, the detection of nucA gene by PCR method was conducted for the final confirmation of S. aureus. Congo Red Agar plate was used for the assessment of biofilm production. The PCR method was used for the detection of icaA, icaD, fnbA, clfA, cna and bap genes. The collected data was analyzed by the SPSS software version 15 and chi-square test.Results: A total of 80 (15.9%) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated, of which 55 (68.7%) isolates were able to form biofilms. The highest frequency of icaD gene was identified in 87.5% of isolates and bap gene with the lowest frequency (5%). Significant association were observed between biofilm production and presence of icaD(p=0.0001), icaA(p=0.003), fnbA(p=0.0001) and clfA(p=0.0001). Conclusion:Considering the important role of biofilm in development of antibiotic resistance and high frequency of biofilm producer isolates, this finding should be considered as an alarm. Hence, the biofilm production helps the bacterial colonization and the pathogenesis could lead to economical and healthcare burden on the community.

Background & aim: Adenoid hypertrophy is one of the childhood complications in which bacteria are involved in its etiology. The aim of the present study was to determine the relative abundance of biofilms and genes associated with biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus isolates and also to determine the genotypic patterns of S. aureus isolates from adenoids and tonsils of children with adenoid hypertrophy by Spa typing method. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 86 pair isolates of S. aureus collected from adenoid and tonsil of children with adenoid hypertrophy. Phenotypic method used for assessing of biofilm production in S. aureus isolates and the presence of icaA, icaD, fnbA and clfA genes evaluated using polymerase chain reaction method. The spa typing method was apllied for typing of isolated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics method and SPSS software. Results: S. aureus isolated from adenoids and tonsils were positive in 49 (57%) and 40 (46.5%) biofilms, respectively. In 47 cases, pairs of isolates from the adenoids and tonsils were similar in terms of biofilm production. In the present study, 4 types of spa types were identified in S. aureus including t081 type, the most dominant type in 67.5%, t701 in 11.6%, t2419 in 9.3% and t4870 in 8.2% of adenoid isolates. In total, 79.45% of adenoid and tonsil isolates had similar typing. highest frequency of genes was related to fnbA, which was detected in adenoids in 64% and in tonsils in 41.9% of isolates. Conclusion: Due to the relative frequency of biofilm formation, biofilm is of moderate importance in the establishment of Staphylococcus aureus in the tonsils and adenoids of patients. Moreover, the role of fnbA gene in biofilm formation was higher than other studied genes. High spa similarity Staphylococcus aureus isolates isolated from the adenoids and tonsils indicate the initial colonization of bacteria in the tonsils and then act as a source of infection for the adenoids

Aims Sinusitis is the inflammation of the nasal cavity, and Paranasal sinuses occur by pathogen agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other allergens. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of positive fungal cultures in patients with chronic sinusitis undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery.Materials & Methods This experimental study was carried out on 60 patients with chronic sinusitis in 2019. After anesthesia in the operating room, the ENT specialist evacuated the sinuses of patients with chronic sinusitis undergoing sinus endoscopic surgery. After sampling of evacuated sinus tissue of eligible patients and transfer to mycology laboratory, fungal elements were identified using direct smear and culture of the sample on subdextrose agar medium. The patient's profiles were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software by the descriptive statistic. Findings 36 of selected patients with chronic sinusitis were male (60%), and 24 were female (40%) with a mean age of 38.4±11.5 years. Two Candida parapsilosis (3.3%), one Aspergillus flavus (1.7%), and one Aspergillus niger (1.7%) were detected. Therefore, the prevalence of positive fungal cultures in patients with chronic sinusitis undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery was 6.7% in Yasuj, southwest of Iran, in 2019. ConclusionThe prevalence of fungal sinusitis is low in patients with chronic sinusitis in Yasuj due to the location of Yasuj in a mountainous region with a cold and dry climate.