IntroductionSurgery plays a central role in the management of organ-confined prostate cancer (PCa). Four types of prostatectomy are currently practiced: perineal, retropubic, laparoscopic, and robot-assisted. The qualification criteria for all types are similar. Radical perineal prostatectomy (RPP) was the first method introduced into clinical practice, however, it has been neglected in favor of other procedures. Its resurgence has been facilitated by a multitude of advantages. Unfortunately, nowadays most urologists are not familiar with the perineal approach though many centers have begun to implement it.Materials and methodsThis manuscript presents the technique of RPP used in the author's institution. It also reviews a vast body of literature on the four techniques of prostatectomy including their advantages and outcomes. The data was collected from the literature and medical databases.ConclusionRPP proves to be a very efficacious, cost-effective treatment option for localized PCa. The outcomes of RPP, as defined by continence, potency, and complication rate, are equivalent to those accomplished by other methods.

Authors present a review of crucial mechanisms contributing to the invasion of the basement membrane (BM) of the urothelium by cancer cells and to the progression of bladder cancer (BC). The breeching of the urothelial BM, facilitated by an aberrant activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) is particularly perilous. Inhibition of activation of these proteinases constitutes a logic opportunity to restrain progression. Because of limited efficacy of current therapeutic methods, the search for the development of alternative approaches constitutes “the hot spot” of modern oncology. Recent studies revealed significant anticancer potential of natural phytochemicals. Especially, curcumin has emerged as a one of the most promising phytochemicals and showed its efficacy in several human malignancies. Therefore, this article addresses experimental and clinical data indicating multi-directional inhibitory effect of curcumin on the growth of bladder cancer. We particularly concentrate on the mechanisms, by which curcumin inhibits the MMP’s activities, thereby securing BM integrity and alleviating the eventual cancer invasion into the bladder muscles. Authors review the recently accumulating data, that curcumin constitutes a potent factor contributing to the more effective treatment of the bladder cancer.

IntroductionBenign prostate hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction affect a significant subset of men. BPH and ED may have the same promoting conditions and are the strong predicting risk factors to each other. A significant number of these patients are bothered by lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Direct correlation of age, sexual dysfunction and LUTS severity has been well documented. Many sexually dysfunctional patients with concomitant BPH receive alpha–adrenergic antagonists and any Phosphodiesterase–5 (PDE5) inhibitor simultaneously. PDE5 inhibitors relieve LUTS symptoms in the course of BPH and reduce independent detrusor contractions. This paper presents the results of clinical trials on the efficacy of PDE5 inhibitors on LUTS, new perspectives on its use and newly–identified side effects.Material and methodsThe review is based on an internet search of PubMed and Medscape databases. The search terms were as follows: LUTS and ED, BPH and phosphodiesterase–5 inhibitors, LUTS clinical trials, phosphodiesterase–5 inhibitors mechanisms.ResultsClinical trials show an epidemiological and pathophysiological relationship between BPH, LUTS and ED. Numerous studies reveal the alleviating effect of phosphodiesterase–5 inhibitors on LUTS, expressed as the reduction of IPSS score, but not followed by a change in Qmax. Opponents raise a link of PDE5 inhibitors with increased risk of melanoma. New studies reveal that phosphodiesterase–5 inhibitors are effective in the treatment of neurological disorders.ConclusionsResearches reveal the efficacy of phosphodiesterase–5 inhibitors in LUTS along with an improvement of erectile function. The molecular mechanism of action of such drugs suggests imminent novel applications. Potential benefits will be multidimensional. Unfortunately, interfering with particular molecular mechanisms may alleviate some diseases, but may lay groundwork for others – new and even more devastating.

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