Capsule: A comprehensive multidisciplinary research program on coastal fog provides unique insights on its lifecycle and predictability barriers.

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A laboratory study was conducted in order to gain an understanding of thermal convection in a complex terrain that is characterized by a plateaued mountain. In particular, the separation of upslope (anabatic) flow over a two-dimensional uniform smooth slope, topped by a plateau, was considered. The working fluid was homogeneous water (neutral stratification). The topographic model was immersed in a large water tank with no mean flow. The entire topographic model was uniformly heated, and the width of the plateau, the slope angle, and the heating rate were varied. The upslope velocity field was measured by the Particle Tracking Velocimetry, aided by Feature Tracking Visualizations in order to detect the flow separation location. An analysis of the resulting flow showed a quantitative similarity to separating the upslope flow over steeper slopes, in the absence of a plateau when an effective angle that incorporates the normalized plateau width, the slope length, and the geometric slope angle, was used. Predictions for the dependence of the separation location and velocity on the geometry and heat flux were presented and compared with the existing data.