This analysis explored the effect of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) on greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) in a panel of twenty-nine countries from the European Union (EU) from 2010 to 2020. The method of moments quantile regression (MM-QR) was used, and the ordinary least squares with fixed effects (OLSfe) was used to verify the robustness of the results. The MM-QR support that in all three quantiles, economic growth causes a positive impact on GHGs. In the 50th and 75th quantiles, energy consumption causes a positive effect on GHGs. BEVs in the 25th, 50th, and 75th quantiles have a negative impact on GHGs. The OLSfe reveals that economic growth has a negative effect on GHGs, which contradicts the results from MM-QR. Energy consumption positively impacts GHGs. BEVs negatively impacts GHGs. Although the EU has supported a more sustainable transport system, accelerating the adoption of BEVs still requires effective political planning to achieve net-zero emissions. Thus, BEVs are an important technology to reduce GHGs to achieve the EU targets of decarbonising the energy sector. This research topic can open policy discussion between industry, government, and researchers, towards ensuring that BEVs provide a climate change mitigation pathway in the EU region.

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This work presents a detailed comparative analysis of dispersed versus centralized Alternating Current (AC)-coupling topologies and AC-coupling versus Direct Current (DC)-coupling topologies in autonomous Photovoltaic (PV)-diesel-battery microgrids for remote/isolated communities in the Brazilian Amazon region. The comparison concerned the power losses occurring in power conversion devices and in a low-voltage distribution network by using the balance-of-system (BOS) efficiency as a performance index. The analyses were performed by an analytical approach and by detailed computer simulations in MATLAB/Simulink software. Based on the matching factor (MF), the gain obtained in BOS efficiency is 1.5% for low values of the MF, and for high values of the MF, the centralized topology has the same BOS efficiency as the dispersed topology. In conclusion, this factor proved to be useful as a design parameter for selecting the optimal topology of a PV-diesel-battery microgrid.

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