Reaction of the catalyst 1 or Pd(OAc)(2) with tetrabutylammonium acetate, dissolved in tetrabutylammonium bromide, leads to a fast formation of Pd nanoparticles which efficiently catalyze the stereospecific reaction of cinnamates with aryl halides to give beta-aryl-substituted cinnamic esters. The role of tetrabutylammonium acetate is crucial in determining the formation of nanoparticles and stereospecificity of the C-C coupling process.

We measure the structural and stability changes of proteins at nanomolar concentration upon interaction with nanoparticles. Using synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD), we measure a decrease of 6 °C in the thermal unfolding of human serum albumin upon interaction with silver nanoparticles while this does not happen with gold. The use of SRCD allows measuring critical parameters on protein-nanoparticle interactions, and it will provide experimental data on the relative stability of key biological proteins for nanotoxicology.

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