The work conducted a bibliographic review on alphabetization scientific, which is understood as the ability to use scientific knowledge in order to understand and help make decisions about the actual world. It also sought to explain the evolution of the dimensions of scientific literacy and to present theoretical proposals for methodological strategies to help improve it. Articles, doctoral theses and PIS test reports were reviewed to reach  two   conclusions:     1) it is essential to develop the four dimensions of scientific literacy, because, in this way,  scientifically literate students will be trained; that is, they are able to become world that goes through constant scientific and technological and 2) it is necessary to update the teaching-learning strategies  by  those that are part of the so-called  active methodology such as discovery learning,  research-based learning and  project-based learning.