This research traced the relationship that exists between the expressions of mosque architecture with the meaning created. The method used for this research is: Firstly, recording building which is based on the theory about the scope of the building. Secondly, described the entire composition and building properties. Thirdly, interpreted the meaning that is created both on the outside and in the view of the space inside. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the outside architectural form of the mosque tends to be interpreted as an abstract monument. While it's inner space interpreted as a shelter that has nothing to do with its function as a religious building. This research is expected to give theoretical contribution to the knowledge of architecture that is by formulating new method to interpret expression of architectural form in general and specifically on the mosque architecture. While in practice, this research could be used as a reference in designing mosque architecture. In addition to scientific and architectural practices, this research could be used as a source of knowledge and offered an alternative perspective for the wider community in appreciating the work of architecture

As a reaction to the monotonous expression of typical International Style architecture, vernacular architecture is often applied to the design of modern buildings. Unfortunately, most of these applications are limited to copy existing vernacular architectural elements. This research aims to elucidate the application of Sundanese vernacular concepts in modern building designs. In line with this purpose, the Aula Barat (West Hall) Bandung Institute of Technology designed by Maclaine Pont was chosen as the case study. The analysis showed that the Sundanese vernacular concept was presented through the shape of the roof, which is similar to the vernacular house and mosque in the Sundanese village; while the modern lamella construction provides a wide-span structural system. This research complement existing research about Sundanese vernacular architecture, by exploring in-depth how to designed modern buildings that fit new functions and to its zeitgeist, but at the same time embodied the local expressions. It is expected that in the future modern buildings are no longer designed in the form of frozen vernacular architecture. The results of this research can also be a valuable input for stakeholders and architectural conservationists, as well as a source of knowledge for the laypeople.

The architectural discourse in Indonesia generally focuses on traditional architecture that represents specific regional icons, the synthesis of traditional architecture with European-style architecture, and modern architecture inspired by International Style. This research focuses on the architectural style in Indonesia which flourished in the 1950s, known as the Jengki architectural style. This architectural style is essential in the history of Indonesian architecture, considering that the style reflects the spirit of nationalism and post-colonial Indonesian. This research aims to explore the icons of Jengki architecture, by elucidating the architectural concepts that underlie the two oldest Jengki buildings in Bandung, West Java. The analysis showed that the characteristics of this architectural style shown by the configuration of architectural elements resembling the form of a pentagon, mostly asymmetrical in spatial layout, playful articulation of ornaments, and the use of local materials. The pentagon becomes an icon of Pancasila, which is a foundational principle of the new Indonesian state and symbolize the meaning of nationalism. Thus, the icon which also represents symbolic meaning becomes an essential aspect in the design of Jengki-style buildings in the future. This icon can be an alternative to be applied to modern buildings that are intended to display national icons, rather than particular regional icons. Besides enriching the architectural knowledge of Indonesian architecture, the results of this study are beneficial to architectural practitioners, stakeholders, and architectural conservationists as well

This study aims to examine whether 1) Entrepreneurial orientation has a positive relationship to sustainable business growth. 2) Innovation has a positive relationship to sustainable business growth. The research design used is quantitatie research and uses a questionnaire for data collection. The number of samples obtained by the non-probability sampling method and purposive sampling technique were collected as many as 120 rice box SME’s owner West Jakarta which are then used in this study. Data were analysed using quantitative methods and distributing questionnaire questions with google form then in taking data using a Likert scale and using data analysis techniques Structural Equation Modelling - Partial Least Square assisted by Smart PLS version 3.0 software. The level of significance was measured through a bootstrapping procedure. The results show that indeed entrepreneurial orientation has a significant positive relationship to sustainable business growth, Innovation has a significant positive relationship to sustainable business growth.