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We modeled global time trends in median CD4 cell counts at combination antiretroviral therapy initiation in human immunodeficiency virus–infected adults. These counts have increased in all country income groups since 2002 but generally remained below 350/μL in 2015.

Approximately 10% of deaths in PWHIV prescribed ART during 1995-2009 were attributable to cancer, but this fraction increased over time. A large proportion of cancer-attributable deaths were associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, lung cancer, and liver cancer. Deaths due to NADCs will likely grow in importance as AIDS mortality declines and PWHIV age.

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