This study confirms that BIA prediction models may not be appropriate for individual evaluation but are suitable for population studies. Additional variables may be necessary to eliminate bias for specific subgroups.

Early growth is compromised in uninfected children born to HIV-infected Zambian mothers. Continued breastfeeding partially mitigates this effect through 15 mo. Nutritional interventions to complement breastfeeding after 6 mo are urgently needed. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00310726.