No abstract

Ostracism means being ignored and excluded by one or more others. Despite the absence of verbal derogation and physical assault, ostracism is painful: It threatens psychological needs (belonging, self-esteem, control, and meaningful existence); and it unleashes a variety of physiological, affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses. Here we review the empirical literature on ostracism within the framework of the temporal need-threat model.

Effort gains in teams through fellow team members' affective social support [Doctoral dissertation, Universität Münster]. Semantic Scholar. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ 2a34/7004a4ed166a23b86783004f80d25ee17dfe.pdf *Wessolowski, K., Meltz, O., Hüffmeier, J., & Hertel, G. (2014). Crosslagged panel analyses of effort gains in occupational teams [Unpublished raw data]. Universität Münster. *Williams, K. D. (1981). The effects of group cohesiveness on social loafing in simulated word-processing pools [Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University]. Ohio Link. https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file ?accession=osu1487156696792293&disposition=inline *Williams, K. D., & Williams, K. B. (1981, August). The development of social loafing in America [Paper presentation]. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, Taipei, Taiwan.

No abstract

After reading an essay attributed to a college freshman, male and female college students evaluated both the essay's quality and the writer's ability. By means of a photograph, the subjects knew writer's sex and physical attractiveness (high, medium, or low). The essays also varied in "objective" quality (high, medium, or low). Significant main effects for essay quality were found in all dependent measures and a sigrdficant main effect for physical attractiveness was found for Composite Essay Quality. Analysis of significant three-way interactions between physical attractiveness, sex-of-subject, and sex-of-writer for the Composite Essay Quality and Writer's Overall Ability revealed that individuals of high and medium physical attractiveness were evaluated differently by members of the opposite sex or same sex. That is, highly attractive individuals received the highest evaluations from members of the opposite sex, while individuals of medium physical attractiveness received the highest evaluations from members of the same sex. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of physical attractiveness to relationships between members of the same and opposite sex.The halo effect of physical attractiveness on first impressions and person perception has been well documented (Berscheid & Walster, 1974). Despite the lack of knowledge about the potential effect of physical attractiveness on long-term relationships, physically attractive individuals are initially seen as having more admirable characteristics (Dion, Berscheid, & Walster, 1972;Miller, 1970; Anderson, Note 1), more likable (e.g., Berscheid, 1.