Advances in surgical techniques and instrumentation have led to an increased popularity of brow-lifting procedures. However, because of patient variability and differing surgeon opinions, eyebrow aesthetics and thus surgical goals remain to be clearly defined. We performed an in-depth evaluation of current eyebrow aesthetics using two study groups. Popular fashion models were evaluated and compared with our own patient population. Important differences in eyebrow position and shape between these groups are delineated and the surgical implications defined. Criteria that contribute to the aesthetics of the eyebrow are reviewed, and guidelines to optimize surgical results and avoid potential complications are discussed.

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We have examined the molecular mechanisms involved in the induction and regulation of expression of alpha and beta 1 human interferons (HuIFN) in Namalva cells. Cloned IFN-alpha and -beta 1 cDNAs, and antisera to purified IFN-alpha and -beta 1 were used as specific probes to determine the expression of HuIFN genes both on the RNA and protein levels. The rates of gene transcription were correlated with the relative levels of HuIFN mRNA present in induced cells and with the amounts of HuIFN peptides synthesized by these cells. The comparative rate of transcription of HuIFN-alpha and -beta 1 genes was measured in nuclei isolated from Namalva cells before and after induction. No transcription of HuIFN-alpha and -beta 1 genes was detected in nuclei isolated from the uninduced cells. The correspondence in the rate of HuIFN-alpha and -beta 1 genes transcription after virus infection with the relative levels of HuIFN mRNA in the induced cells indicates that the stimulation of HuIFN synthesis by viral infection results from the activation of the transcription of HuIFN genes. The relative levels of alpha and beta 1 induced transcripts were the same in spite of the differences in the number of copies of HuIFN-alpha and -beta 1 genes indicating that the beta 1 gene is transcribed more efficiently than the alpha genes. The steady-state levels of HuIFN-alpha and -beta 1 mRNAs in induced Namalva cells are comparable, however, the overall amount of HuIFN-beta 1 synthesized (as determined by radioimmunoassay and biological activity) is approximately 10-fold lower than that of IFN-alpha. No evidence has been found that would indicate that HuIFN-beta 1 mRNA induced in Namalva cells is different from that induced in human fibroblasts. The data indicate, however, that in Namalva cells, the IFN-beta 1 polypeptide has a higher turnover rate and slower rate of release into medium than the HuIFN-alpha polypeptides, indicating that the observed difference in the overall amounts of these two types of interferons present in the medium is due to regulation on posttranslational level.