How people communicate information, tasks, and feelings to AYA patients and survivors affects how they experience their illness and think about themselves and their current and future situations. All parties-doctors, other medical providers, family members, and friends-need to attend to the manner as well as content of their communications and interactions with AYAs and to the social and emotional context within which communication and interaction occurs. Specific recommendations for the care of AYA cancer patients are offered, emphasizing the importance of attending to the cognitive capabilities and unique developmental challenges associated with adolescence and young adulthood.

Treatment with MPH can at least temporarily reduce some attentional and social deficits among survivors of childhood ALL and BT. Long-term follow-up will reveal those subsets of patients who are more likely to benefit from MPH.