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Based on the anti-inflammatory activity of phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids, the inhibitory effect of antofine and its analogues on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production was examined, and structure-activity relationships are discussed. Antofine and several analogues suppressed NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The MeO group at C(2), and the bulkiness of the substituents at C(3) and C(6) in the phenanthrene ring might be critical for this effect. Besides, regulation of iNOS expression might be involved in the inhibitory effect of antofine on LPS-induced NO production in macrophage cells.

− Strawberry is widely consumed in diet and has been attracted much attention due to its potential for human health benefits. Strawberry contains a diverse range of phytochemicals but the biological activities with molecular mechanisms are poorly elucidated yet. In this study, the effects of the extracts of strawberry (Maehyang cultivar) on antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiproliferative potential against various cancer cells were investigated. The strawberry extracts (SE) of Maehyang cultivar showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities. In addition, SE inhibited the growth of human colon (HCT-116), lung (A549), stomach (SNU-638) and fibrosarcoma (HT-1080) cancer cells. The strawberry extracts also exhibited the inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production and suppressed LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and mRNA expression in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. These findings suggest that the strawberry extracts (Maehyang cultivar) might have antioxidant, antiinflammotry, and anticancer activities.

ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study was to find out whether high school chemistry II textbooks standardized by the 7th national education curriculum had been organized properly concerning students of cognitive levels, by comparing the contents levels of chemistry II textbooks with students cognitive levels, and also analyzing them. For this study, the contents levels of matter state and solution chapter in chemistry II textbooks were analyzed using CAT (curriculum analysis taxonomy) and the cognitive levels of 468 students at 12th grade who had been selected from 7 areas including big