Aim: Caregiver burden refers to people's emotional response to the changes and demands of giving support to another. This study aims to highlight the burdens faced by the primary caregiver of oral cancer patients and assess which amongst them contributes to the highest stress. Materials and methods:The study was conducted at onco logy ward of our hospital. The cross-sectional correlational study design was employed. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire. A total of 50 oral cancer patients' primary caregivers consented to participate in the study. Two-step data analysis was done. First descriptive statistics were used to analyze the background characteristics. Then the patient's overall burden was calculated based on the scoring system obtained from ZBI. In the second step, regression analysis was done to predict the burden degree and also to find the main cause of the burden.Results: Binary logistic regression analysis revealed the following burdens (stressed managing to balanc -0.896, embarrassed-0.896, no privacy-0.980 and uncomfortable about having friends-1.094) as statistically significant. Again with those significant variables, forward stepwise logistic regression was done which revealed the following burdens (not enough time for themselves-0.013 and uncomfortable about having friends-0.023) very significantly associated. Conclusion:This study highlights that the caregivers, though burdened to some extent, wanted to take care of their relatives till the last day. Clinical significance:The purpose of the study was to create awareness among the professionals to give more importance to the primary caregiver. The importance of primary caregiver in the life of the diseased is paramount because of the emotional attachment they share. So this inter-relationship between the doctor, the patient, and the primary caregiver will help in a significant way in the wellbeing of the patient.

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Background and Aims: Since the management are the process of using organizational resources to accomplish organizational goals, through functions of planning, organizing, leading and controlling, this study was conducted with the aim of checking Head nurses ' awareness of management principles in the educational hospitals.Methods: this research is a cross -sectional (descriptive -analytical) study. In this study, Head nurses' awareness from Principles of Management was studied in four cases (planning, organizing, guidance and leadership, control and supervision). The population of this study included all head nurses working in educational hospitals (130 people). Required information from the total population (census) was collected. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing demographic characteristics and awareness. Data analysis was performed using SPSS19 software. Descriptive statistics methods including mean and standard deviation were used to determine the level of awareness. Also, T-test and ANOVA and nonparametric equivalence tests were used to compare the gender and education subgroups.Results: Analysis of the results of one-way ANOVA showed that there was a significant relationship between the level of respondent's awareness and the variables such as head nursing experience, the number of nursing staff and nursing staffing status. Conclusion:The findings of this study can increase the efficiency of nursing staff, reducing the cost of treatment for health customers and related therapeutic Institutions, Finally, improving Health level of the community under the wise leadership.

Aim:In the postoperative period of maxillofacial oncological operations, tracheostomy is the most commonly used method for securing the airway. These untoward complications made practitioners chose alternative modalities like submental intubation, but literature support on alternatives to tracheostomy for oral oncologic cases is limited. The aim of this observational study is to ascertain whether the use of overnight intubation is a safer and cost-effective practice and if it can be considered an alternative to tracheostomy. Materials and methods:Thirty patients, 23 males and 7 females in the age group of 34-80 years who underwent treatment for head and neck cancer with major intraoral resection and a unilateral or bilateral neck dissection were included in the study. The following variables were recorded: age, sex, site of a tumor, type of neck dissection, use of mandibulotomy/ mandibulectomy, type of reconstruction, duration of stay in ICU, mean hospital stay and Mallampati classification. Postoperative complications, associated with the airway, if any, were recorded simultaneously.Results: None of the 30 patients required re-intubation nor did they develop any respiratory distress post-extubation. Conclusion:To conclude, mandatory unquestioned use of tracheostomy in every head and neck oncological case should be avoided and its use should be limited to the situations where overnight intubation is not feasible, prolonged duration of postoperative intubation is required or it is anticipated that return visits will be made by the patient. Clinical significance:The clinical significance of this study is to show that the mortality and morbidity associated with a tracheostomy can be avoided. Overnight intubation is the modality to replace tracheostomy and can be considered as the gold standard.