The catalytic activity of Ru(ii) complexes in sustainable C–C and C–N bond formation is enhanced by using a functionalized 2,2′-bipyridine ligand.

This paper analyzes the sensitivity of reference evapotranspiration (ET o ) to climatic variables for different agro-ecological regions of India: semi-arid (Kovilpatti and Parbhani), humid (Mohanpur), and sub-humid (Ludhiana and Ranichauri). The FAO-56 Penman-Monteith (FAO-56 PM) method is used to estimate ET o , and sensitivity of ET o has been studied in terms of change in maximum air temperature (T max ), minimum air temperature (T min ), solar radiation (R s ), average relative humidity (RH avg ), and wind speed (W s ). Sensitivity analysis is performed by increasing and decreasing the climate variables such as T max , T min , R s , and RH avg by one unit of increment and decrement, respectively, up to five units (except for W s ) while keeping the other variables and parameters constant. However, wind speed W s (km h −1 ) is only increased with an increment of one km h −1 up to five km h −1. The results showed that the change in ET o is linearly related to change in all climate variables (r 2 =0.97 in most cases) at all sites. Further, ET o is most sensitive to R s at Kovilpatti, Mohanpur and Ranichauri, and to W s at Ludhiana and Parbhani. However, the sensitivity of ET o to the same variable shows considerable variation from site to site and at the same site within the year. ET o is less sensitive to RH avg followed by T min at all sites.

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Ultrathin Bi2O2Se nanostructures possess ubiquitous structural and optical properties suitable for future optoelectronics. Herein, we have studied the unique structural and optoelectronic functionalities of ultrathin Bi2O2Se nanocrystals and their modulation...

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting materials-based photodetectors (PD) with high responsivity and fast photo-response are of great interest for various applications such as optical communications, biomedical imaging, security surveillance, environmental monitoring, etc....