In the present study, the extract of four natural lichen species Canoparmelia eruptens, Everniastrum cirrhatum, Parmotrema austrosinense and Rimelia cetrata were studied for the source of natural antioxidant and their purified secondary metabolites were evaluated for growth promoting effects on probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casei. The methanolic fraction of lichen species showed moderate to high antioxidant activity in the order P. austrosinense > E. cirrhatum > C. eruptens > R. cetrata. The lichen metabolites showed antioxidant activity with an IC 50 values (μg/ml); lecanoric acid 79-95, salazinic 88-108, atranorin 100-116 and consalazinic acid 119-125. As far as the growth promoting effects of lichen metabolites on L. casei is concerned, lecanoric acid at 100 μg/ml conc. showed high growth stimulating activity in terms of increased dry matter of biomass (56.08 mg) of L. casei. Other lichen metabolites; salazinic acid, atranorin and consalazinic acid produced relatively less dry biomass 43.98 mg, 41.1 mg, 40.68 mg, respectively. However, standard antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and Trolox after 36 h produced 39.04-47.81 mg dry biomass. At lower pH the growth promoting activity of lichen metabolites was found stable.
The aim of the research is to explore antilipoxygenase, radical scavenging and an ti mic ro bial activity of the ethyl acetate extract of the selected lichen spe cies of genus Heterodermia (Physciaceae . isidiophora showed the strong anti mic ro bial activity against most of the tested microorganisms at concentration ranging from 0.232 mg/ml to 0.591 mg/ml. These findings suggest that these li chen species of genus Heterodermia can be used as new bioresources for the na tu ral lipoxygenase inhibitor with antimicrobial and radical scavenging features. . Цель исследования -антилипоксигеназа, радикальная очистка и антимикробная активность этилацетатного экстракта видов лишайников ро да Heterodermia (Physciaceae). Экстрактам видов рода свойсвенно липоксигеназное инги бирование (LOX), зависящее от концентрации. Пятидесятипроцентное (IC 50 ) ингибирование LOX отмечалось у видов H. diademata, H. flabellata, H. an til la rum и H. incana при концентрациях 0,123 0,153, 0,160 и 0,150 мг/мл со от вет ст вен но; что меньше, чем у синтетических антиоксидантов BHA и BHT. Только экс тракт H. diademata показал IC 50 при концентрации 0,123 мг/мл равным LOX ин ги би тора индометацин. Кинетика LOX ингибирования экстрактов разных ви дов лишайников показывает разный режим ингибирования. Конкурентное ин ги бирование LOX отмечено у H. al bi cans и H. antillarum; неконкурентое -у H. dia de mata; отсутствие конкуренции характерно для H. angustiloba, H. fla bel la ta, H. in ca na, H. isidiophora и H. pseudospeciosa. Экстракты этих видов так же по ка за ли пятидесятипроцентную активность радикальной очистки. Этил аце тат ные экстракты H. diademata, H. angustiloba, H. albicans и H. isidiophora пока за ли силь ную антимикробную активность в отношении большинства про тес ти ро ван ных микроорганизмов в концентрациях от 0,232 до 0,591 мг/мл. Результаты по казывают, что виды лишайников Heterodermia могут быть использованы в ка честве нового биоресурса природной липоксигеназы с антимикробными и очистительными свойствами.
The coelomycete genus Pilidiella (Schizoparmaceae, Diaporthales) was recently revised to include species with hyaline to pale brown conidia in contrast to the dark brown conidia of Coniella. The present paper describes a new species of Pilidiella, P. crousii, based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the ITS nrDNA and its unique conidial morphology. Pilidiella crousii is associated with severe fruit drop of Terminalia chebula (Combretaceae) in natural forests of Mahabaleshwar in the Western Ghats of India.
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