Pharmacogenomics is the branch of pharmacology which deals with the influence of genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with a drug's efficacy or toxicity. It aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Such approaches promise the advent of personalized medicine, in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Pharmacogenomics is the whole genome application of pharmacogenetics, which examines the single gene interactions with drugs.KeywordsPharmacogenetics; Single nucleotide polymorphisms; Genomics; Genotype

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A series of new 4‐aryl‐4H‐chromene‐3‐carbonitrile derivatives were obtained by one‐pot synthesis using substituted benzaldehydes, malononitrile, and substituted phenols. All the synthesized compounds (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e) were screened in vitro for antioxidant and anticancer activities. Compounds 1c, 1d, 1e showed significant antioxidant activity in nitric oxide free radical scavenging method while compounds 1c and 1e showed significant activity in hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging method. The other compounds showed significant to moderate activities in both the methods in comparison with ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene as standards. Compounds 1c, 1d, 1e exhibited good anticancer activity, using Michigan Cancer Foundation‐7 (MCF‐7) cell line, compared with those of other synthesized compounds.

Objectives: Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrollable, irreversible, independent, autonomous, uncoordinated, relatively unlimited, and abnormal overgrowth of tissues. Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer after lung cancer. The aim of the study is to carry out the docking studies, synthesis, and antitumor activities of benzothiazole derivatives containing oxadiazole groups or amino groups. Methods:The docking studies of benzothiazole derivatives were done with known anticancer targets like estrogen receptor using Argus lab and AutoDock programs and compared with the standard drug tamoxifen. Based on the results obtained from the molecular modeling studies, the derivatives were selected for the synthesis. The synthesized compounds were characterized by melting point, thin layer chromatography, InfraRed, 1 H NMR, 13 CNMR, mass spectral data, and screened for their in-vitro anticancer activities. Results:The docking scores obtained for benzothiazole derivatives (BT1, BT2, BT3, BT4) and std. tamoxifen from the preliminary docking program using Argus Lab were −9.68, −9.4, −9.59, −11.1988, −9.71 and using AutoDock program were −6.29, −5.25, −7.19, −7.48, −3.86, respectively. All the four derivatives were synthesized, characterized, and subjected to in vitro anticancer screening by MTT assay in breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Compounds DBT1, DBT2, and DBT3 were the most active compounds against MCF-7 cell lines with inhibitory concentration 50% of 70.0, 64.0 and 65.0, respectively. Conclusion:All the four derivatives show good docking scores when compared to standard drug tamoxifen and can be concluded that all the synthesized benzothiazole ligands show good anticancer property.

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