This study aims to describe and analyze the leadership role of school principals in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study used a qualitative approach with phenomenology. The research site at SD Negeri Krapyak Wetan. The data collection technique is done through interviews, documentation and observation. Data analysis was carried out through data collection, data reduction and ending with drawing conclusions. The results showed that; the role of the principal's leadership in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic, is; a) Optimizing learning and deliberations with teachers, b) Providing education and training on online learning platforms (online), c) Providing appreciation and motivation to teachers, students and guardians of students, d) Conducting multidirectional coordination and communication.

The management of educational institutions or organizations is a very important issue in the world of education. Because the success of an educational institution depends on the leadership of the head of the madrasah. This research aims to find out the implementation of democratic leadership style and transformational head of Madrasah in MAN 1 Tulang Bawang Barat Lampung province. The method used is a descriptive analysis using a qualitative approach. This study uses primary data sources obtained through interviews and secondary data sources obtained through online media. The results showed that the ability of the principal to implement the vision and mission in improving the quality of education in MAN 1 Tulang Bawang Barat can be seen from the behavior of the principal in carrying out the preparation of the school's vision and mission with a joint discussion, the creation of an education program guided by the quality standards of education, and promoting civility, as well as mobilizing school residents to participate in improving the quality of education. The ability of the principal to communicate effectively in improving the quality of education in MAN 1 Tulang Bawang Barat is reflected in the principal's behavior in cultivating a disciplined lifestyle and interacting directly with school residents and in problem-solving through a system of discussions, meetings, or deliberations. then, the ability of the principal in developing academic and non-academic programs that can produce good quality for the school.

Konstruktivisme merupakan salah satu aliran filsafat pengetahuan yang menekankan bahwa pengetahuan merupakan hasil konstruksi (bentukan). Pengetahuan merupakan akibat dari suatu konstruksi kognitif dari kenyataan yang terjadi melalui aktivitas seseorang. Berdasarkan pandangan konstruktivistik belajar merupakan suatu proses pembentukan pengetahuan. Pembentukan ini harus dilakukan individu yang belajar. Ia harus aktif melakukan kegiatan, aktif berfikir, menyusun konsep dan memberi makna tentang hal-hal yang dipelajari. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan teori kontruktivistik dalam pembelajaran tematik di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam penerapan teori belajar konstruktivistik membutuhkan partisipasi aktif siswa dalam proses belajarnya. Partisipasi aktif sebagai penerapan teori konstruktivistik dapat dilaksanakan dalam pembelajaran secara tematik. Pembelajaran tematik sendiri lebih menekankan pada penerapan konsep belajar sambil melakukan sesuatu (learning by doing), sesuai dengan prinsip dasar dari kontruktivisme yang harus dipegang oleh pengajar adalah bahwa siswa lebih baik belajar dengan berbuat (learning by doing) daripada belajar dengan mengamati.

Society has very high hopes for education. With education, people hope to have a better life. Agae education is able to meet the great expectations of society, the world of education requires quality assurance to maintain the results of the implementation of education. Quality assurance in education will direct the world of education to achieve educational goals. Educational institutions are expected to be able to produce Indonesian Human Resources who are competent in their fields. Human Resources who have superior competence will bring the Indonesian nation to become a developed and great nation. Education quality assurance with the ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management System is expected to be able to maintain the quality and improve the quality of education. Increasing the quality of education will improve the quality of educational products.

Learning is a conscious effort to achieve a learning goal. In the latest educational paradigm, the purpose of learning is no longer just to change the behavior of students, but rather to form a professional character and psychological attitudes in all aspects. To achieve this goal requires a motivation. Motivation to learn contained in a person has a very important role in achieving a goal, because motivation can make someone have a strong urge to do something. In this case, the teacher has a significant role in fostering student motivation to achieve learning goals and the needs of the changing times as well as demands for a change in the learning paradigm. Therefore, this article aims to understand the meaning of the learning paradigm and the importance of fostering student motivation in learning activities.