Development of industrial plantation forest is a form of principal-agent relationship, in which the Ministry of Forestry as a principal gives utilization permit to the entrepreneur as an agent, known as the Forest Timber Product Exploitation Permit on Planted Forest. This utilization permit obtained by the agents is operationally conducted by other parties through a cooperative agreement. The purpose of this study is to obtain an information regarding to the state position in the development of industrial plantation forest. The study was conducted in Riau Province, using the constructivist paradigm with phenomenological method. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews to selected informants. Data were also obtained from the review of documents to complement the interview. Data analysis was conducted using property rights and principal agent theories. The phenomenon of multi-chain transfer of the management rights of plantation forest that occoured in the observed companies showed that the state was unable to effectively control to the forest plantation. The study recommends that state should issue regulation to decrease or stops further transfer of the management rights of plantation forest. However, further study needs to overcome the existing over accumulation of plantation forest in a few hands.

Mangrove Ecotourism in Muara Angke  has the natural attractions as tourist destinations in Jakarta. The sustainability of tourism function is an important role to support  the economic development. This research aimed to determine the socio-economic characteristics of visitors and the carrying capacity to support the  formulating analysis of  ecotourism development strategies. The study used a survey method and deep interview. The results showed that the score of PPC < RCC > ECC indicated that the carrying capacity didn’t exceed the limitation conservation (has opportunity to developed). The development strategy were (1) the maintain the natural panorama of mangrove forests to support ecotourism activity; (2) The maintain fishing tourism activities; (3) the developing the instagramable photo spots; (4) The building canteens/food court that provides processed mangrove products; (5) Increasing the cost retribution to maintain the sustainability of environmental functions; (6) Involve the local communities to support ecotourism development

The activity of mangrove rehabilitation in Angke Kapuk, North Jakarta is the ecosystem recovery activities to support the sustainability of mangrove resources to provide economic opportunities for coastal community. This study aimed to determine the main factors and the important variables of economic recovery through mangrove rehabilitation activities and the relationship between variables using the MICMAC (matrix of cross impact multiplications applied to a classification) analysis. The results of the study showed that key variables or driving variables (Influence Variables) were policy factors which high influence for the economic recovery. The Relay Variables consistedf mangrove rehabilitation activity which divided into potential of seeding, planting, counseling, and training. The Dependence Variables consisted  economic factors such as the income of ecotourism activity, fisherman, angler, traders, the group of mangrove business, forest farmer group, the price and selling potency of mangrove seedling, price and income of mangrove products. And Autonomous Variables consisted business investors and the price of fish selling.