This article aims to analyze and compares the business decision in the value of justice in any case of the company losses according to the company law in Indonesia and Malaysia. Narrative review based on the study cases was used to make a comparison and conclusion regarding the problem. Based on several cases in Indonesian and Malaysian court regarding the director and non-director officer’s decision that leads to company loss, it has been proven that Indonesia did not implement the protection for the directors even the decision is proven for the sake of the company. This makes the directors and officers became hesitant due to the fear of not having protection against the lawsuit should their decision causing deprivation for the company. Meanwhile, in Malaysia, the court has full protection for the director should their decision were proven for the sake of saving the company. Thus, it can be concluded that Indonesia has not fully implemented the business judgment rule compared to Malaysia.

The release of large-scale ammonia in the air by urea fertilizer plants Z has caused negative impacts on the environment, particularly to environmental pollution and human health. Some actions have been taken as a countermeasure, one of them is the development of Green Barrier, a living filter consist of various plantation that design based on its ability to absorb certain pollution substances in the ambient air. This article aims to analyze the development of the green barrier construction and its effectiveness as an effort to prevent the spread of ammonia gas around the urea fertilizer plant Z environment. Sequential explanatory with comparative analysis of data obtained from questionnaires using Spearman Coefficient Correlation, interviews, and data on green barrier construction processes used to achieve research objectives in this study. Based on the results of the study it was found that the existence of the green barrier was more effective in reducing noise than reducing the ammonia odour. This is also supported by field observations where the construction of a green barrier is still not fully optimal due to land acquisition problems, damage to several plants on the green barrier, and many green barrier areas that have not been planted by plants which are mainly bordered by community land.

The Need for Urea Fertilizer supply is one of the essential factors for the development of the agricultural sector. However, due to the high energy usage and the increasing price of natural gas as the raw material, some of the old urea fertilizer industry was forced to shut down due to the inability to cover the high production cost. The purpose of this study is to analyze the alternative strategy for the urea industry to be more efficient and also produce good quality urea to remain sustainable. This paper will use descriptive analysis based on the Case Study compared to the literature and related references to find the appropriate and well-implemented alternative. Based on the study, several options can be purposed such as retrofitting in ammonia and urea plant mainly in syn-loop and high-pressure section, and by optimizing the feed ratio and process condition.

Ammonia gas exposure to the environment that mainly caused by certain factors has the potential to bring negative impacts, particularly to workers and the community in terms of health issues. This study aims to analyse the factors that cause ammonia gas release and its negative effects on the workers and the community that lives near the factory. This study will use Hazard Identification Methods i.e Likelihood and severity scale to strengthened that findings in field observation, key informant interviews, and questionnaire. Based on the study, it was found that certain conditions that often caused ammonia gas release are located in ammonia storage tanks, cooling water reservoirs, and pumps and valves with an incidence rate of at least once per day. Meanwhile, certain conditions such as clogging, negligence, maintenance, and start-ups are scarce where the incidence rate is once in a year or even more. The impacts of ammonia occur in humans through inhalation and directly cause irritation, and respiratory problems that differ in each depends on the exposure duration and concentration level.