calculated from the oxidation potential versus the internal standard of ferrocene/ferrocenium and the I p (5.43 eV) so obtained for PATPD was in good agreement with the I p reported for TPD based materials (5.4 eV determined by UV-PES) [26].Absorption Spectra: Absorption spectra of the samples were measured with a Cary 5G spectrophotometer.Dark Conductivity and Photoconductivity: Steady-state conductivity properties were determined in the dark. To measure the steadystate dark conductivity, an electric field (E a ) was applied and the current (i dark ) was measured. To assure steady-state conditions a dwell time of 15 s between each reading was used. The applied electric field was swept from 0 to 76 V lm ±1 over a period of 7 min. The current was measured using a Keithley 6517A electrometer.Four-Wave Mixing and Exposure Dependent Transient Four-Wave Mixing Experiments: A detailed discussion about the experimental set-up is given in [22].

The elastic modulus of B19’ shape-memory NiTi was determined using three techniques; from the response of lattice planes measured using in situ neutron diffraction during loading, instrumented indentation using a spherical indenter and macroscopic extensometry. The macroscopic measurements resulted in a modulus of 68 GPa, significantly less than the 101 GPa from indentation and the lattice plane average of 109 GPa from neutron diffraction. Evidence from the neutron measurements suggests that the disparity derives from the onset of small amounts of twinning at stresses less that 40 MPa, which might otherwise be considered elastic from a macroscopic view point.

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